Catalytic Performance of Zeolite‐Supported Vanadia in the Aerobic Oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐diformylfuran

Abstract

The catalytic performance of zeolite‐supported vanadia catalysts was examined for the aerobic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) in organic solvents such as N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, trifluorotoluene and DMSO. Catalysts based on the four different zeolite supports H‐beta, H‐Y, H‐mordenite, and H‐ZSM‐5 with 1–10 wt % vanadia loading were prepared and characterized by nitrogen physisorption, X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ammonia temperature‐programmed desorption, Raman spectroscopy and UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The H‐beta zeolite catalysts were found to contain highly dispersed vanadium oxide species at all loadings, and provided the highest reaction selectivity towards DFF and the lowest metal leaching of the examined systems. In particular, 1 wt % V2O5/H‐beta was found to be a stable, recyclable, and non‐leaching catalyst for the production of DFF under mild conditions in DMF as solvent, although with low DFF yield. To increase the yield, oxidation of HMF at elevated pressures was also investigated with this catalyst. Under optimized conditions, a reaction selectivity towards DFF of >99 % at 84 % HMF conversion was obtained, albeit with some contribution from lixiviated species to the total catalyst activity.

Deactivation of solid catalysts in liquid media: the case of leaching of active sites in biomass conversion reactions

“…But higher extent of leaching was found at higher pressures. 91 This is a good indication that the parameters 20 of the reaction have a great impact on the stability of the catalyst.…”

Fe3O4@MgO nanoparticles as an efficient recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of phosphoroamidates via the Atherton–Todd reaction

“…13 Magnetic nanoparticles have great potential in view of their easy recovery and accessibility, and can be prepared…”

Aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into furan compounds over Mo-hydroxyapatite-encapsulated magnetic γ-Fe 2 O 3

“…Therefore, great effect has been devoted to the design of non-noble metal based heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of HMF into DFF. There were some non-noble metal based heterogeneous catalysts reported for the oxidation of HMF into DFF such as Mo-containing keggin heteropolyacids [19], vanadium-containing catalyst [20] and manganese oxide catalysts [21]. However, some of them showed low catalytic activity and stability.…”

“…However, some of them showed low catalytic activity and stability. For example, Sádaba, et al [20] reported that a reaction selectivity towards DFF of > 99% at 84% HMF conversion was obtained by the use of 1 wt% V 2 O 5 /H-beta as the catalyst. However, the catalytic activity lost seriously in the second run due to the loss of the active sites.…”