Catalytic process development strategies for conversion of propane to liquid hydrocarbons

Chang, Che‐Wei; Miller, Jeffrey T.

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2022.118753

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…At constant conversion (Figure 8d), with an increasing reaction temperature, the fraction of benzene also increases and toluene and xylene decrease. Thus, benzene is favored in high-temperature conditions, which is also observed in the PDA reaction [25]. The product distribution was compared at similar conversions, at 16-18%, for the different reaction temperatures (Figure S4).…”

Section: The Effect Of Reaction Temperaturementioning

confidence: 62%

“…The selectivities of these, however, continue to increase with increasing ethane conversion; therefore, they are final products. With bifunctional catalysts, BTX products are formed primarily by dehydrogenation of naphthenes, i.e., Pt3Mn in this study, rather than hydrogen transfer over ZSM-5 [4,5,[25][26][27][28]. Methane is the only non-aromatic, final hydrocarbon product in this reaction network, since it is unreactive at the EDA reaction temperatures [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Pt3Mn/SiO2 + ZSM-5 Bifunctional Catalyst for Ethane Dehydroaromatization

Jiang,

Chang,

Swann

et al. 2024

Catalysts

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Ethane dehydroaromatization (EDA) is a potentially attractive process for converting ethane to valuable aromatics such as benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX). In this study, a Pt3Mn/SiO2 + ZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst was used to investigate the effect of dehydrogenation and the Brønsted acid catalyst ratio, hydrogen partial pressure, and reaction temperature on the product distributions for EDA. Pt3Mn/SiO2 + ZSM-5 with a 1/1 weight ratio showed the highest ethane conversion rate and BTX formation rate. Ethylene is initially formed by dehydrogenation by the Pt3Mn catalyst, which undergoes secondary reactions on ZSM-5, forming C3+ reaction intermediates. The latter form final products of CH4 and BTX. At conversions from 15 to 30%, the BTX selectivities are 82–90%. For all bifunctional catalysts, the ethane conversion significantly exceeds the ethane–ethylene equilibrium conversion due to reaction to secondary products. Low H2 partial pressures did not significantly alter the product selectivity or conversion. However, higher H2 partial pressures resulted in increased methane and decreased BTX selectivity. The excess hydrogen saturated the olefin intermediates to form alkanes, which produced methane by monomolecular cracking on ZSM-5. With an increasing reaction temperature from 550 °C to 650 °C, the benzene selectivity increased, while the highest BTX selectivity was obtained at 600 to 650 °C.

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Section: The Effect Of Reaction Temperaturementioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Pt3Mn/SiO2 + ZSM-5 Bifunctional Catalyst for Ethane Dehydroaromatization

Jiang,

Chang,

Swann

et al. 2024

Catalysts

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“…Propane was converted to liquid hydrocarbons using Pt-Zn/SiO2 + ZSM-5. Catalyst performed better at high temperatures, improved aromatic selectivity, and alteration of reaction pathways due to changes in temperature [22]. Lanthanum/Gallium-Modified Zn/ZSM-5 Zeolite was used to investigate the isomerization/aromatization of FCC Light Gasoline which revealed that La and Ga aided the dispersion of Zn thus enhancing the isomerization/aromatization activities and prolonging the service life of the catalysts [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved aromatic yield and toluene selectivity in propane aromatization over Zn–Co/ZSM-5: effect of metal composition and process conditions

et al. 2022

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In this report, a catalytic enhanced-conventional process production background was employed to determine the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly techniques to improve the catalytic production of toluene and other aromatic compounds from propane aromatization. 2 wt% of zinc was co-impregnated with 1-3 wt% of cobalt on HZSM-5. Characterizations and analysis showed that catalysts are crystalline and microporous. Propane conversion was carried out at 540 °C, 1200 ml/g-h gas hourly space velocity and atmospheric pressure over Zn-Co/ZSM-5 bimetallic catalysts. Toluene selectivity in the aromatic products was greatly improved and sustained significantly together with other aromatic products. Catalytic conversion of propane and aromatic yield over Zn-Co/ZSM-5 was improved and stabilized due to metallic collaboration on HZSM-5. Aromatic yield averaged 46, 32, and 36%, respectively, for 1-3 wt% Co in Zn-Co/ ZSM-5 bimetallic catalyst. Average toluene selectivity in the aromatic products for 12 h time on stream from 60, 50 and 51% for 1-3 wt% Co loading. The threshold loading of cobalt with zinc was 2% above which the general aromatic selectivity declined. A decrease in conversion from 73 to 15% was observed for flowrate increase from 6 to 35 ml min −1 and an increase in aromatic selectivity from 80 to 87%. An increase in temperature of 500-560 °C increased catalytic performance, 32-47% for propane conver-sion, and 79-86% aromatic selectivity. KeywordsPropane conversion • Aromatic yield • Toluene selectivity • Zn-Co/ZSM-5 Abbreviations BET Brunauer-Emmett-Teller BTEX Benzene toluene ethylbenzene xylene FTIR Fourier transform infra-red H 2 -TPR Hydrogen-temperature programming reduction SEM Scanning slmctron microscopy TEM Transmission electron microscopy XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XRD X-ray diffraction XRF X-ray fluorescence * G. G. Oseke

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