Catalytic production and purification of nanotubules having fullerene-scale diameters

Ivanov, Vadim; Fonseca, A.; Nagy, J.B.; Lucas, A. A.; Lambin, Philippe; Bernaerts, D.; Zhang, X.B.

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(95)00132-1

Cited by 214 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Several authors [12][13][14][15][16][17] tried to adjust parameters such as the catalyst composition and the reaction atmosphere to maximize the nanotube yield and to minimize the tube diameter. Ivanov et al 16 have reported very small amounts of thin tubes (4 nm), and tubes up to 60 mm long, but they point out that the longest tubes are also the thickest. We propose a novel catalyst method for the in situ production, in a composite powder, of a huge amount of single-and multiwalled carbon nanotubes, having a diameter between 1.5 and 15 nm and arranged in bundles up to 100 mm long.…”

Section: Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte (Oatao)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes grown in situ by a novel catalytic method

Peigney¹,

Billon²,

Dobigeon³

et al. 1997

J. Mater. Res.

166

163

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Carbon nanotubes can be produced by the catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons on small metal particles. However, nanotubes are generally produced together with non-tubular filaments and tubes coated by pyrolytic carbon. We propose a novel catalyst method for the in situ production, in a composite powder, of a huge amount of single- and multiwalled carbon nanotubes, having a diameter between 1.5 and 15 nm and arranged in bundles up to 100 μm long. We anticipate that dense materials prepared from such composite powders could have interesting mechanical and physical properties.

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Section: Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte (Oatao)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes grown in situ by a novel catalytic method

Peigney¹,

Billon²,

Dobigeon³

et al. 1997

J. Mater. Res.

166

163

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[11][12][13] The studies on non-covalent functionalizations have focused on external gas adsorption, [14] surfactant interaction, [15] and endohedral encapsulation, [16] whereas the main strategies used for covalent functionalizations have included halogenation, [17] cycloaddition, [18,19] radical addition, [20] ozonolysis, [21] and oxidation processes. [22][23][24] On the other hand, inorganic surface modifications have led to the production of novel hybrid systems for applications as molecular containers, gas sensors, photosensitizers for photovoltaic cells, and intrinsic capacitors in supercapacitors and batteries. [25] Hybrid systems made of ZnO, TiO 2 , or SiO 2 with CNTs have been obtained by pre-synthesizing the oxide nanoparticles and subsequently attaching them to CNTs (the so-called ex situ method) [26][27][28] as well as by synthesizing the inorganic compound in the presence of CNTs (the so-called in situ method).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Chemistry in the Process of Coating Mesoporous SiO₂ onto Carbon Nanotubes Driven by the Formation of SiOC Bonds

Paula

Stéfani

Filho

et al. 2011

Chemistry A European J

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The deposition of mesoporous silica (SiO(2)) on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has opened up a wide range of assembling possibilities by exploiting the sidewall of CNTs and organosilane chemistry. The resulting systems may be suitable for applications in catalysis, energy conversion, environmental chemistry, and nanomedicine. However, to promote the condensation of silicon monomers on the nanotube without producing segregated particles, (OR)(4-x)SiO(x)(x-) units must undergo nucleophilic substitution by groups localized on the CNT sidewall during the transesterification reaction. In order to achieve this preferential attachment, we have deposited silica on oxidized carbon nanotubes (single-walled and multiwalled) in a sol-gel process that also involved the use of a soft template (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB). In contrast to the simple approach normally used to describe the attachment of inorganic compounds on CNTs, SiO(2) nucleation on the tube is a result of nucleophilic attack mainly by hydroxyl radicals, localized in a very complex surface chemical environment, where various oxygenated groups are covalently bonded to the sidewall and carboxylated carbonaceous fragments (CCFs) are adsorbed on the tubes. Si-O-C covalent bond formation in the SiO(2)-CNT hybrids was observed even after removal of the CCFs with sodium hydroxide. By adding CTAB, and increasing the temperature, time, and initial amount of the catalyst (NH(4)OH) in the synthesis, the SiO(2) coating morphology could be changed from one of nanoparticles to mesoporous shells. Concomitantly, pore ordering was achieved by increasing the amount of CTAB. Furthermore, preferential attachment on the sidewall results mostly in CNTs with uncapped ends, having sites (carboxylic acids) that can be used for further localized reactions.

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“…For example, they are capable to work as efficient field emitters [7] and can form a basis for very robust fibers [8]. Nanotubes can be produced by arc discharge [2], by laserablation [9] or by chemical vapor deposition techniques (CVD) [10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. CVD is currently the most promising and flexible method with regard to applications, but our understanding of the influence of the catalyst and the deposition parameters on the nanotube growth is still fragmentary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of the catalytic growth of patterned carbon nanotube films

2001

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Three different catalysts (Fe, Ni, Co nitrates dissolved in ethanol) were patterned on a SiO2/Si substrate and multi-wall carbon nanotubes were grown by catalytic decomposition of acetylene. We compare the growth of the carbon nanostructures in the temperature range between 580• C and 1000• C. With our experimental set-up the catalyst solutions of cobalt and nickel were found to be less efficient than the one of iron. An optimal production of multi-wall nanotubes was observed at temperatures between 650• C and 720• C with the iron solution as catalyst. We found a tendency towards thicker structures with higher temperatures. Finally, we suggest a mechanism for the growth of these carbon structures.

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Catalytic production and purification of nanotubules having fullerene-scale diameters

Cited by 214 publications

References 29 publications

Carbon nanotubes grown in situ by a novel catalytic method

Carbon nanotubes grown in situ by a novel catalytic method

Surface Chemistry in the Process of Coating Mesoporous SiO₂ onto Carbon Nanotubes Driven by the Formation of SiOC Bonds

Comparative study of the catalytic growth of patterned carbon nanotube films

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Catalytic production and purification of nanotubules having fullerene-scale diameters

Cited by 214 publications

References 29 publications

Carbon nanotubes grown in situ by a novel catalytic method

Carbon nanotubes grown in situ by a novel catalytic method

Surface Chemistry in the Process of Coating Mesoporous SiO2 onto Carbon Nanotubes Driven by the Formation of SiOC Bonds

Comparative study of the catalytic growth of patterned carbon nanotube films

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Surface Chemistry in the Process of Coating Mesoporous SiO₂ onto Carbon Nanotubes Driven by the Formation of SiOC Bonds