Catalytic properties of CuO–Cr2O3–PbO ternary nanocomposites favorable for the pyrolysis of ammonium perchlorate

Correlation of Efficient Dispersion and Catalytic Performance of Nanocombustion Catalysts in Energetic Materials: A Case Study of the Nanocopper Oxide Catalyst with Superfine Ammonium Perchlorate

“…It is required to increase the burning rate and thrust of the propellants to meet the capabilities of precision guidance, long-range strike, and efficient destruction for the weapon system. At present, various solutions for improving the burning rate of solid propellants have been used, such as the application of nano-oxidants, high-energy oxidants, and so on. − The above methods could significantly improve the burning rate and specific impulse of propellants but they also have fatal flaws, such as easy agglomeration and poor safety. Furthermore, nanocatalysts have been a hotspot in propellant formulation due to their excellent properties, such as increasing the burn rate, reducing the burn pressure index and characteristic signal, etc. − As a commonly used oxidant, ammonium perchlorate (AP) directly affects the performance of propellants as its content in many types of propellants up to 60–90%, such as composite propellants, composite modified double base propellants, etc. ,− …”

The positive correlation between the dispersion and catalytic performance of Fe2O3 nanoparticles in nano-Fe2O3–ultrafine AP energetic composites supported by solid UV-vis spectroscopy

“…3 Many methods have been adopted to improve the performance of propellants, such as replacing coarse-grained energetic materials with nanoenergetic materials, replacing ammonium perchlorate (AP) with high-energy and high-density energetic materials, and adding nanocombustion catalysts to propellants. [4][5][6][7][8] Studies have demonstrated that the use of ultrafine AP rather than coarse-grained AP can slightly improve the burning rate of the propellants; however, ultrafine AP has the disadvantages of being prone to agglomeration and moisture absorption. 4 The use of high-energy and high-density energetic materials rather than AP as the oxidant of solid propellants has serious limitations.…”

“…The application of such nanocatalytic materials can also considerably improve the performance of propellants by increasing the burning rate, reducing the pressure index, adjusting and improving the ballistic properties, improving the energy performance, and reducing the characteristic signal of the propellants. 1,6,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] However, the different catalysts mentioned exert different catalytic effects on AP. Nanocarbon materials can act as reducing agents to react with AP and release more heat; however, their catalytic ability for the thermal decomposition of AP is weaker than that of nanometals or nanometal oxides.…”

Preparation of a Chitosan-Lead Composite Carbon Aerogel and Its Catalytic Thermal Decomposition Performance on Ammonium Perchlorate

“…In recent decades, catalysts applied in the field of catalytic AP have been extensively studied, such as metal oxides, metal particles, metal-based composites, and carbon nanomaterials. ,− In this article, Pb­(II) is chosen as the catalyst on the basis of the following considerations: lead metal has a good coordination ability and can easily chelate with multifunctional groups to form salts. The lead salt, as the active catalyst in the solid propulsion system, has a positive impact on the combustion rate and performance of the propellant. , Huo et al introduced a poly­(lead acrylate) (PAA-Pb) porous metal material into the AP catalytic system, and the high-temperature decomposition peak of AP was reduced by 73.7 K .…”