Catalytic pyrolysis of fatty acids and oils into liquid biofuels and chemicals over supported Ni catalysts on biomass-derived carbon

Graphene-Encapsulated Transition Metal@N/C Catalysts for Catalytic Copyrolysis of Biomass and Waste Plastics: Production of Linear α-Olefins and Aromatics

“…The higher formation of longchain olefins by 75:25 feed mix may be explained by the promotion of deoxygenation of higher acids by the greater catalytic activity brought by the synergistic effect between Ni 2+ and N-doped catalyst support. 65 Previous studies have shown that the Ni(II) site helps in the easy desorption of olefin and prevents secondary reactions, thus increasing the selectivity of useful olefin fractions. 65,66 The 25:75 feed mix generated relatively more compositions of 1-heptene (3.49%), 1-decene (2.18%), and 1-nonene (1.99%) among the C4−C10 olefins, while the HDPE feed alone generated comparatively more contents of 1-hexene (2.47%) and 1-octene (1.46%).…”

“…65 Previous studies have shown that the Ni(II) site helps in the easy desorption of olefin and prevents secondary reactions, thus increasing the selectivity of useful olefin fractions. 65,66 The 25:75 feed mix generated relatively more compositions of 1-heptene (3.49%), 1-decene (2.18%), and 1-nonene (1.99%) among the C4−C10 olefins, while the HDPE feed alone generated comparatively more contents of 1-hexene (2.47%) and 1-octene (1.46%). For the C11−C20 olefins, the individual HDPE pyrolysis yielded more relative proportion of 1-nonadecene (14.1%) and 1-pentadecene (2.58%), while the 75:25 feed mixes copyrolysis yielded more of 1-tridecene (2.52%) and 1-tetradecene (1.91%).…”

“…Notably, the metal/metal oxide Lewis sites also improved the dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization of alkane and olefins for aromatization reactions. 19,55,65,66,71 The Lewis acidic metallic centers advanced the formation of other alkylated MAHs at high temperatures at the expense of other aromatic and olefin formations. 72 The formation of PAHs during catalytic copyrolysis was attributed to the strong adsorption sites from the nitrogen doping, which helped further condensation of MAHs and induced the formation of PAHs.…”