Catalytic reforming of logistic fuels at high-temperatures

Abstract

This chapter reviews recent studies of catalytic reforming of logistic fuels at hightemperature. Aside from steam and autothermal reforming, special consideration is given to partial oxidation conditions. Natural gas, gasoline, diesel, and ethanol containing fuels are discussed. Methane and iso-octane as fuel surrogates are exemplarily used to explain the behavior of the reformers in particular focusing on the interaction of heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions and mass and heat transport. As catalyst of choice for reforming, rhodium-based systems are in the focus of this review but alternate catalysts are noted as well.

Modern Trends in Design of Catalysts for Transformation of Biofuels into Syngas and Hydrogen: From Fundamental Bases to Performance in Real Feeds

“…In dry reforming of real natural gas (NG) containing up to 6% of C2-C4 alkanes also high and stable performance of structured catalyst was demonstrated for concentrated feed (Figure 6). This advantage of structured catalysts on heat-conducting metal/cermet substrates allowed to carry out efficient transformation of a lot of fuels including gasoline and diesel into syngas via partial oxidation and steam/autothermal reforming [82][83][84][85][86][87]117,[139][140][141][142]. Reforming of biofuels such as acetone, ethyl acetate and glycerol is known to be accompanied by gas-phase reactions yielding ethylene, which is easily transformed into coke on catalysts.…”

“…For any practical application catalysts for transformation of biofuels into syngas are to be supported as thin layers on heat-conducting monolithic substrates, which allows to minimize or even avoid heat and mass transfer limitations typical for granulated catalysts beds [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86].…”

Reducing NOx emissions by adding hydrogen-rich synthesis gas generated by a plasma-assisted fuel reformer using Saudi Arabian market gasoline and ethanol for different air/fuel mixtures

“…The advantages of ethanol reforming bring into question the benefits of reforming gasoline blended with ethanol, and the increasing use of renewable fuels in vehicles motivates research on an on-board hydrogen supply. Hydrogen production by ethanol reforming for use in, for example, fuel cell applications, has attracted significant attention in both academic and industrial fields Deutschmann, 2012;Ni et al, 2007). Xinli et al (2011) used a nonthermal plasma reactor at a low temperature to produce hydrogen-rich gas products.…”

Multiscale modeling of methane catalytic partial oxidation: From the mesopore to the full‐scale reactor operation

“…Rh and Pt supported noble metals present the best performances due to its high activity and stability against coke deposition (deactivation) . Extensive kinetic and mechanistic studies have been performed, in particular for methane CPOx over , and several reaction schemes (global and detailed multistep) and kinetic rate expressions have been proposed for a global and elementary chemical description of methane CPOx …”