Catalytic synthesis of ethyl propionate by carbonylation of ethanol with carbon monoxide in presence of Rh form of type-X zeolite at atmospheric pressure

Vapor-phase ethanol carbonylation with heteropolyacid-supported Rh

“…Finally, Table 1 also includes a benchmark 1 wt% Rh/Na13X catalyst, known for EtOH carbonylation [15][16][17][18]. The Rh/Na13X gave EtOH conversions and propionate selectivity comparable to published work (e.g.…”

“…The Rh/Na13X gave EtOH conversions and propionate selectivity comparable to published work (e.g. 12% selectivity) and markedly inferior to the results disclosed here [18]. Selectivity patterns of this reference catalyst appear to be weakly impacted by calcination conditions (Appendix A, Table S1).…”

“…Only a very limited number of studies have investigated solid catalysts for ethanol carbonylation to propionic acid or ethyl propionate, and all are for group VIII metals promoted with alkyl iodides [15][16][17][18]. Both Nefedov and Scurrell separately showed that Rh supported on X-type zeolites are effective heterogeneous catalysts for vapor-phase alcohol carbonylation with added iodide [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Rh has also been supported on various materials including carbon [23,24] or ligand-modified oxides [25] for carbonylation of methanol in the vapor phase.…”

“…Vapor-phase heterogeneous catalysts include the mechanistically distinct carbonylation of methanol and dimethyl ether with mordenite-type zeolites [8][9][10][11], and variants on the Reppe carbonylation of ethylene [10][11][12][13][14]. Only a very limited number of studies have investigated solid catalysts for ethanol carbonylation to propionic acid or ethyl propionate, and all are for group VIII metals promoted with alkyl iodides [15][16][17][18]. Both Nefedov and Scurrell separately showed that Rh supported on X-type zeolites are effective heterogeneous catalysts for vapor-phase alcohol carbonylation with added iodide [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Quaternary phosphonium polymer-supported dual-ionically bound [Rh(CO)I3]2– catalyst for heterogeneous ethanol carbonylation

“…Homogeneous ethanol carbonylation is a single-step selective process for generating PA [38][39][40][41], but the homogeneous catalysis of ethanol carbonylation is much less effective than that of methanol carbonylation [42][43][44][45][46][47][48], and the development of heterogeneous ethanol carbonylation processes remains challenging because of the low stability of the catalysts. Nefedov et al [49] and Notesteina et al [50,51] reported valuable studies on heterogeneous ethanol carbonylation. The Rh species were supported on a zeolite, with a highest TOF of approximately 70 h -1 at 1 atm and 473 K, and the Rh species were supported on Cs heteropolyacid with a maximal propionate selectivity of 96% under 1 atm at 473 K with the addition of water.…”