Catalytic upcycling of PVC waste-derived phthalate esters into safe, hydrogenated plasticizers

Windels, Simon; Diefenhardt, Thomas; Jain, Noopur; Márquez, Carlos; Bals, Sara; Schlummer, Martin; Vos, Dirk De

doi:10.1039/d1gc03864h

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…phthalate plasticizers), or mixed plastic contaminants can impede mechanical recycling of PVC and limit the use of recyclates to low-end applications. 4 On the other hand, PVC valorization by thermal treatment is problematic, since beside potential dioxin formation, PVC has a ame retardant effect that limits net energy recovery by incineration. 5 Recent studies have considered ionic liquids as reaction media for thermal dehydrochlorination of PVC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic tandem dehydrochlorination–hydrogenation of PVC towards valorisation of chlorinated plastic waste

et al. 2023

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic tandem dehydrochlorination–hydrogenation of PVC towards valorisation of chlorinated plastic waste

et al. 2023

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“…Therefore, the less reactive, but still green and environmentally friendly cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) was selected as solvent in which the acid catalysts were re‐evaluated [47–52] . Again, no formation of TEPTC was observed in the presence of tosylic acid (entry 8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the less reactive, but still green and environmentally friendly cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) was selected as solvent in which the acid catalysts were re-evaluated. [47][48][49][50][51][52] Again, no formation of TEPTC was observed in the presence of tosylic acid (entry 8). Discoloration of the reaction mixture was observed when zeolite or sulphated zirconia catalysts were applied (entries 9-12), indicating that CPME is unstable to these acid catalysts.…”

Section: Two-catalyst One-pot System In a Green Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of High‐Value Tricarballylate Plasticizers Directly from Citric Acid Esters on Bifunctional Pd/Nb₂O₅.nH₂O Catalysts

et al. 2023

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Tricarballylate esters are considered as an appealing class of biobased plasticizers. This work focusses on the production of tricarballylate esters from citrate esters through a one‐pot sequential dehydration‐hydrogenation process, in order to circumvent the undesired decarboxylation side reaction in the synthesis of tricarballylic acid directly from citric acid. High yields up to 93 % of different tricarballylate esters were obtained with a self‐synthesised bifunctional 0.2 wt % Pd/Nb2O5.nH2O catalyst employed in methylcyclohexane as inert solvent.

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“…35,36 The hydrogenation of DINP was impacted by reaction temperature. 37 As shown in Figure 9(a). DINP conversion increased from 35.1% at 80 °C to 100% at 180 °C, and the selectivity of DINCH increased from 71.8% at 80 °C to 100% at 140 °C.…”

Section: Characterization Of Ru Namentioning

confidence: 89%

Ultrauniform Ru Nanoclusters as Efficient Hydrogenation Catalysts for Phthalates

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et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid (CHDA) ester, a kind of environmental-friendly plasticizer, can be produced by phthalates hydrogenation. However, the synthesis of catalysts with high activity and selectivity is a challenge due to the stability of aromatic rings. In this work, a series of ultrauniform Ru nanoclusters supported by γ-Al2O3 are synthesized for the hydrogenation of diisononyl phthalate (DINP). Results show that the conversion of DINP and the selectivity of diisononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) both reach 100% at 140 °C and 3 MPa H2 pressure. Diisononyl-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylate (4H-DINP) and 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate-7-methyloctyl ester are found; the hydrogenation reaction network of DINP is constructed. Alkali metal ions adsorbed on the surface of Ru nanoclusters prepared by the polyol method can stabilize Ru3+-Hδ− species by electrostatic interaction, thus affecting the hydrogenation activity of the catalyst, following the order of Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Cs+. Ru-based catalysts prepared by the polyol method have good prospects for application in phthalates hydrogenation.

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Catalytic upcycling of PVC waste-derived phthalate esters into safe, hydrogenated plasticizers

Abstract: Recycling of end-of-life polyvinyl chloride (PVC) calls for solutions to deal with the vast amounts of harmful phthalate plasticizers that have historically been incorporated in PVC.

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

Catalytic tandem dehydrochlorination–hydrogenation of PVC towards valorisation of chlorinated plastic waste

Catalytic tandem dehydrochlorination–hydrogenation of PVC towards valorisation of chlorinated plastic waste

Synthesis of High‐Value Tricarballylate Plasticizers Directly from Citric Acid Esters on Bifunctional Pd/Nb₂O₅.nH₂O Catalysts

Ultrauniform Ru Nanoclusters as Efficient Hydrogenation Catalysts for Phthalates

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Catalytic upcycling of PVC waste-derived phthalate esters into safe, hydrogenated plasticizers

Abstract: Recycling of end-of-life polyvinyl chloride (PVC) calls for solutions to deal with the vast amounts of harmful phthalate plasticizers that have historically been incorporated in PVC.

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

Catalytic tandem dehydrochlorination–hydrogenation of PVC towards valorisation of chlorinated plastic waste

Catalytic tandem dehydrochlorination–hydrogenation of PVC towards valorisation of chlorinated plastic waste

Synthesis of High‐Value Tricarballylate Plasticizers Directly from Citric Acid Esters on Bifunctional Pd/Nb2O5.nH2O Catalysts

Ultrauniform Ru Nanoclusters as Efficient Hydrogenation Catalysts for Phthalates

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Product

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Synthesis of High‐Value Tricarballylate Plasticizers Directly from Citric Acid Esters on Bifunctional Pd/Nb₂O₅.nH₂O Catalysts