Catalytic upgrading of bio‐oil: Hydrodeoxygenation study of acetone as molecule model of ketones

Abstract

The complexity of composition of bio‐oil from biomass makes it difficult to produce upgraded bio‐oil via hydrodeoxygenation. In this paper, acetone is thus considered as a model compound of the ketones family abundant in pyrolysis bio‐oil. Results showed that high conversion rates of acetone between 86.6% and 91.9% were observed with the use of HZSM‐5, 5% Ni2P/HZSM‐5, and 10% Ni2P/HZSM‐5 catalysts. In most cases, CO2, C2H6, C3H6, and C3H8 were the dominant non‐condensable gas products. For liquid phase, the selectivity was evaluated for different catalysts relative to ethanol, acetaldehyde, and aromatic hydrocarbons. A lower temperature favoured the formation of acetaldehyde and methyl isobutyl ketone with the 5% Ni2P/HZSM‐5 catalyst, while higher temperatures increased the proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons. The principal influencing parameters of acetone HDO were temperature and contact time followed by reaction pressure and H2 partial pressure. Optimal conditions give a selectivity of 49% of aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylene) with the use of the 5% Ni2P/HZSM‐5 catalyst. The pathway of the main reactions of acetone HDO was also proposed. MIK and aromatic hydrocarbons were formed by a multiple step aldol condensation reaction of acetone molecules followed by further hydrogenation.

Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Model Bio‐oils Using HZSM‐5 and Ni2P/HZM‐5 Catalysts: Comprehension of Interaction

“…Here, the support HZSM-5 was first grinded and sieved to 0.35-0.6 mm before loading the active phase. The specific preparation process and the characterization results of Ni 2 P/HZSM-5 catalysts by N 2 adsorption/desorption, ICP-OES elemental analysis, and XRD can be found in our previous work [27]. The acidity of the catalysts was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy (Spectrum BX, Perkin-Elmer) of adsorbed pyridine.…”

Catalytic hydro-deoxygenation of acetic acid, 4-ethylguaiacol, and furfural from bio-oil over Ni 2 P/HZSM-5 catalysts

“…The Ni 2 P/HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method as a first step and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) as the second step [30]. Here, the support HZSM-5 was first ground and sieved to 0.35-0.6 mm particle size before loading the active phase.…”

“…Here, the support HZSM-5 was first ground and sieved to 0.35-0.6 mm particle size before loading the active phase. The specific preparation process and the characterization results of Ni 2 P/HZSM-5 catalysts by N 2 adsorption/desorption (BET surface), ICP-OES elemental analysis, and XRD can be found in our previous work [30]. In addition, the acidity of the catalysts was characterized by FT-IR (Spectrum BX, Perkin Elmer) at different pyridine desorption temperatures (100, 150, 275, and 400°C) after pyridine adsorption and could be found in the Supplementary materials (Figure S1).…”

“…Here, acetic acid, 4ethylguaiacol, and furfural were selected as model molecules of bio-oil due to their abundance in pyrolysis oil [29]. The catalysts were already selected for their performance demonstrated in our previous study of acetone HDO [30], and characterized through the N 2 adsorption/desorption (BET specific surface area and pore size calculation), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) elemental analysis, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), pyridine adsorption by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and H 2 -TPR using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Then, various parameters were examined, such as amount of supported phase, temperature and pressure.…”

Issue Highlights

“…Finally, optimal conditions gave a selectivity of 49% of aromatics (BTX: benzene, toluene, and xylene). [ 3 ]…”