Catalytic upgrading of intermediate pyrolysis bio-oil to hydrocarbon-rich liquid biofuel via a novel two-stage solvent-assisted process

One-pot reductive liquefaction of sawdust to renewables over MoOx–Al2O3 variants: insight into structure–activity relationships

“…Such hydrocarbon solvent has been reported to be stable and reduces char formation during biomass/bio-oil stabilization and upgradation. [37][38][39] Detailed analysis of the resulting bio-oil (GCxGC-MS, 2D HSQC NMR) coupled with the catalyst characterization (X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, H 2 -temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), NH 3 -temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy) shows unique insights regarding structureactivity relationships for this application.…”