Catalytic upgrading of levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate using reusable silica-included Wells-Dawson heteropolyacid as catalyst

Pasquale, Gustavo Antonio; Vázquez, Patricia; Romanelli, Gustavo Pablo; Baronetti, Graciela T.

doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2011.12.004

Cited by 194 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As expected, the activity of the silica support was negligible under these conditions (2% yield after 6 h). Table 1) as catalyst with a still higher EtOH:LA of 64:1, obtaining 76% yield of EL after 10 h (Pasquale et al, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of levulinic acid into chemicals: Synthesis of biomass derived levulinate esters over Zr-containing MOFs

Cirujano

Corma

Xamena

2015

Chemical Engineering Science

246

134

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Zr-containing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) formed by terephthalate and 2-aminoterephthalate ligands (UiO-66-NH 2 ) are active and stable catalysts for the acid catalyzed esterification of levulinic acid with EtOH, n-BuOH and long-chain biomass derived alcohols, with activities comparable (in some cases superior) to other solid acid catalysts previously reported. The effect of functional group substitution at the ligand benzene ring, alcohol chain length, particle size and contents of defects on the catalytic activity of the MOFs are studied in detail. In UiO-66-NH 2 , a dual acid-base activation mechanism is proposed, in which levulinic acid is activated on Zr sites and the alcohol at the amino groups of the ligand. Large variations of the catalytic activity from batch to batch suggest that the active sites are located at defect positions associated to ligand deficiency of the solid. Particle size seems to have a minor impact only in UiO-66-NH 2 , in which diffusion of levulinic acid is somehow hindered due to the amino groups present in the linkers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of levulinic acid into chemicals: Synthesis of biomass derived levulinate esters over Zr-containing MOFs

Cirujano

Corma

Xamena

2015

Chemical Engineering Science

246

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Examples of important chemicals from LA and their potential applications are showed in Figure 5. Such valuable chemicals include γ-valerolactone, levulinate esters and also angelica lactone, ketals, diphenolic acid and δ-amino levulinic acid [13,47,[50][51][52], in addition to the several important compounds obtained from their upgrading, such as 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, hydrocarbon fuels, valerate esters and polymers [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

et al. 2016

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Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the top bio-based platform molecules that can be converted into many valuable chemicals. It can be produced by acid catalysis from renewable resources, such as sugars, lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials, attractive candidates due to their abundance and environmentally benign nature. The LA transition from niche product to mass-produced chemical, however, requires its production from sustainable biomass feedstocks at low costs, adopting environment-friendly techniques. This review is an up-to-date discussion of the literature on the several catalytic systems that have been developed to produce LA from the different substrates. Special attention has been paid to the recent advancements on starting materials, moving from simple sugars to raw and waste biomasses. This aspect is of paramount importance from a sustainability point of view, transforming wastes needing to be disposed into starting materials for value-added products. This review also discusses the strategies to exploit the solid residues always obtained in the LA production processes, in order to attain a circular economy approach.

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“…EL can be used as a platform chemical for the production of a wide range of value-added products. In general, EL can be obtained by esterification of levulinic acid and alcohols (Fernandes et al 2012;Pasquale et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefaction of Fir Sawdust in Supercritical Ethanol with Dissolved Phosphotungstic Acid

ChangWei¹,

Zheng²,

Lv³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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An environmentally benign approach is put forward with the focus on directly liquefying and depolymerizing Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. (Chinese fir) sawdust into ethyl levulinate (EL) under supercritical ethanol (scEtOH) conditions by using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as a catalyst. The effects of parameters such as catalyst dosage, temperature, and reaction time on alcoholysis yield were investigated. The experimental results show that the biomass alcoholysis yield reached 95.35% with 0.5 g PTA as a catalyst at 260 °C for 30 min. Alcoholysis yield and quantitative content of EL depended on the catalyst. The light bio-oil was primarily composed of phenols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters. A high quantitative content of EL up to 20.82% (AR, Relative abundance) was achieved, compared to 0.73% AR when PTA was not added. Hence, scEtOH with dissolved PTA may offer novel media for both chemical reactions and biomass conversion technology as a replacement for environmentally undesirable organic solvents.

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Catalytic upgrading of levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate using reusable silica-included Wells-Dawson heteropolyacid as catalyst

Cited by 194 publications

References 22 publications

Conversion of levulinic acid into chemicals: Synthesis of biomass derived levulinate esters over Zr-containing MOFs

Conversion of levulinic acid into chemicals: Synthesis of biomass derived levulinate esters over Zr-containing MOFs

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

Liquefaction of Fir Sawdust in Supercritical Ethanol with Dissolved Phosphotungstic Acid

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