Catalytic Upgrading of Plastic Wastes

Aguado, J.; Serrano, David; Escola, J.M.

doi:10.1002/0470021543.ch3

Cited by 74 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The mechanism involves the stages of initiation, propagation and / or free radical transfer followed by β chain scission and termination [20,34,36] . This mechanism provides many oligomers by hydrogen transfer from the tertiary carbon atom along the polymer chain to the radical site [18] .…”

Section: Thermal Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste

2016

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Section: Thermal Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste

2016

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“…Table 2 shows the typical chemical composition of the cracking product [10]. It is clear that the main product of the catalytic reaction was aromatic hydrocarbons and iso-paraffins, whereas that of the non-catalytic one was strait chain paraffins (n-paraffins) and strait chain olefins (n-olefins).…”

Section: Chemical Structure Of the Cracked Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the catalytic cracking of polyolefins using FCC catalyst should follow the catalytic reaction involved in the FCC process. The FCC process gives gasoline rich product from heavy petroleum fractions (higher molecular weight hydrocarbons), that is explained by activity of FCC catalyst as solid acid catalyst [8][9][10]. First step should be the adsorption of polymer molecules on the outer surface of the catalyst.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the cracking products come out of the liquid to gas phase as the vapor and come out of the reactor and trapped as the liquid product. Because of the slow diffusion and the strong affinity of the product for the polymer liquid, the primary products may stay in the liquid for a certain period and are subjected to secondary reactions such as secondary cracking, aromatization, coking and hydrogen transfer [8][9][10][11]. The higher fraction of C 5 -C 10 products under the presence of fresh catalyst or the high concentration of catalyst could be attributed to the higher contribution of secondary reaction.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Cracking of Polyolefins in the Molten PhaseBasic Study for the Process Development of Waste Plastics Liquefaction

Tani¹,

Fujimoto²

2017

JESE-B

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Abstract:The cracking of polyolefins, especially polyethylene in the molten state was effectively catalyzed by the powdery spent FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) catalyst which was dispersed in it. The activation energy of the catalytic cracking of polyethylene was about 74 kJ/mol. The cracked product was naphtha and middle distillate as the major product and gaseous hydrocarbon (C 1 -C 4 ) as the minor product while little heavy oil was produced. The chemical compositions of the product were: aromatic hydrocarbons, isoparaffins and branched olefins, whereas that of the non-catalyzed products were: n-olefins and n-paraffins with minor amount of dienes with increasing the process time. Additionally, the product pattern shifted from naphtha rich product to kerosene and gas-oil rich product. However, any catalytic product showed low fluid point (< -10 o C), while that of the non-catalyzed product was as high as 40 o C. Catalyst could process, more than 100 times by weight of polyethylene with fairly small amount (~ 30 wt%) of coke deposition. Spent catalyst gave higher hydrocarbons while fresh catalyst gave gaseous product as the major product. Other polyolefins such as polypropylene and polystyrene were tested on same catalyst to show that their reactivity is higher than that of polyethylene and gave the aliphatic products, alkyl benzenes and C 6 -C 9 iso-paraffins as the major product. Product pattern of the cracked product suggested that the reaction proceeded via the primary reactions making paraffins and olefins which were followed by the isomerization, secondary cracking, aromatization and hydrogen transfer which based on the carbenium ion mechanism.

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“…significant synergistic effect between plastic and coal, especially in the high temperature region (Zhou, Luo, & Huang, 2009). The thermal degradation of plastics may involve three different decomposition pathways (Aguado & Serrano, 1999) : (i) random scission at any point in the polymer backbone leading to the formation of smaller polymeric fragments as primary products, (ii) end-chain scission, where small molecules and long-chain polymeric fragments are formed, (iii) abstraction of functional substituents to form small molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Production of Liquid and Gaseous Fuels from Polyethylene and Polystyrene in a Continuous Sequential Pyrolysis and Catalytic Reforming System

Syamsiro¹,

H²,

Komoto³

et al. 2013

EER

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This paper deals with the potential of using sequential pyrolysis and catalytic reforming process in a continuous system for the conversion of polyethylene and polystyrene into liquid and gaseous fuels using the HY-zeolite catalyst for the catalytic reforming of pyrolysis gas generated in a pyrolyzer. The effect of reforming temperature and the weight hourly space velocity on the product yields, liquid and gaseous compositions have been investigated for each feedstock. The experiments were carried out at the pyrolyzer temperature of 450 °C, the reforming temperature of 400, 450, and 500 °C and the weight hourly space velocity of 2, 3, and 4 g-sample g-catalyst -1 h -1 . The results show that increasing the reforming temperature and decreasing the weight hourly space velocity have resulted in an increase of gaseous and solid products while the liquid product decreased. The maximum oil production for HDPE (70.0wt%) and PS (88.1wt%) were obtained at the pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C, the reforming temperature of 450 °C and the weight hourly space velocity of 4. The C2, C3 and C4+ gases (>75 mol %) were the main components of the gaseous and liquid products for HDPE. In case of PS, the C2 and C3 gases (>65 mol %) were the main components of the gaseous product. The high quality of gaseous products can be used as a fuel either for driving gas engines or for dual-fuel diesel engines.

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Catalytic Upgrading of Plastic Wastes

Cited by 74 publications

References 74 publications

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste

Catalytic Cracking of Polyolefins in the Molten PhaseBasic Study for the Process Development of Waste Plastics Liquefaction

Co-Production of Liquid and Gaseous Fuels from Polyethylene and Polystyrene in a Continuous Sequential Pyrolysis and Catalytic Reforming System

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