Catalytic Upgrading of Residual Biomass Derived Bio-oil over Molybdenum Carbide

López, M.; Hernández, Diana; Laverde, Jennifer; Pérez, Sebastián; López, Diana

doi:10.1007/s12649-019-00586-0

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Except for phosphide catalysts, as discussed above, carbides and nitrides have recently attracted a great deal of attention, owing to their low-cost and comparable properties to common HDO catalysts. Previously, Lopez et al [81] used a molybdenum carbide catalyst in the HDO process to upgrade acacia wood or empty fruit bunches-derived bio-oil at 350 • C and 50 bar of H 2 for 4 h, and it was observed that the oxygen content of bio-oil was greatly reduced and thus improved the HHV of bio-oil from 29.1 MJ/kg to 36.9 MJ/kg due to the formation of the hexagonal β-Mo 2 C phase that demonstrates a strong ability for the deoxygenation. In the catalyst recycling studies, the high catalytic activity of NiMoS 2 was maintained after being recycled 5 times.…”

Section: Transition Metal Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Upgrading of Oils from Biomass and Waste: Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation

2020

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The continuous demand for fossil fuels has directed significant attention to developing new fuel sources to replace nonrenewable fossil fuels. Biomass and waste are suitable resources to produce proper alternative fuels instead of nonrenewable fuels. Upgrading bio-oil produced from biomass and waste pyrolysis is essential to be used as an alternative to nonrenewable fuel. The high oxygen content in the biomass and waste pyrolysis oil creates several undesirable properties in the oil, such as low energy density, instability that leads to polymerization, high viscosity, and corrosion on contact surfaces during storage and transportation. Therefore, various upgrading techniques have been developed for bio-oil upgrading, and several are introduced herein, with a focus on the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) technique. Different oxygenated compounds were collected in this review, and the main issue caused by the high oxygen contents is discussed. Different groups of catalysts that have been applied in the literature for the HDO are presented. The HDO of various lignin-derived oxygenates and carbohydrate-derived oxygenates from the literature is summarized, and their mechanisms are presented. The catalyst’s deactivation and coke formation are discussed, and the techno-economic analysis of HDO is summarized. A promising technique for the HDO process using the microwave heating technique is proposed. A comparison between microwave heating versus conventional heating shows the benefits of applying the microwave heating technique. Finally, how the microwave can work to enhance the HDO process is presented.

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Section: Transition Metal Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Upgrading of Oils from Biomass and Waste: Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation

2020

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“…For instance, Leal Mendes et al 68 Metal carbides and nitrides are also attracting attention for HDO of bio-oil and its model compounds, primarily due to their low cost and catalytic efficiency. Loṕez et al 69 demonstrated this potential by performing catalytic HDO of pyrolysis bio-oils (derived from acacia wood and empty fruit bunches) over a Mo carbide catalyst at 350 °C and 5 MPa of H 2 for 4 h (Table 1, entry 20). Their results showed a significant increase in the HHV of the bio-oil (from 29.1 to 36.9 MJ/kg) along with high catalytic stability after five recycling cycles.…”

Section: Hdo Of Bio-oils Over Heterogeneous Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Perspectives in the Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Bio-Oils: Effect of the Nature of the Metal Catalyst

Gil,

Sancho-Sanz,

Korili

2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in transforming biomass into fuel, driven by its potential as the only realistic renewable carbon resource. Several conversion methods have been explored to achieve this, including gasification for producing synthesis gas, fast pyrolysis or hydrothermal liquefaction for obtaining bio-oils, and hydrolysis for generating aqueous sugars. Bio-oils offer environmental benefits due to their lower CO 2 emissions, but their direct use as fuels is hindered by limitations such as thermal instability, high viscosity and acidity, and low calorific value. Consequently, advancements in treatment methods are necessary before bio-oils can be used as direct fuels. This review focuses on the catalytic hydrotreatment of bio-oils, which has been shown to be an effective approach for the removal of heteroatoms at moderate temperatures (between 300 and 450 °C) but at high pressures (up to 20 MPa). Oxygenated compounds are transformed into H 2 O, and N and S are transformed into NH 3 and H 2 S, respectively. The analysis examines how process temperature, residence time, hydrogen pressure, solvent selection, and type of catalyst influence the properties of the improved bio-oil. Mo/W sulfide-supported catalysts have been traditionally used as active phases in hydrotreatment processes, as the presence of S limits catalyst deactivation, while the presence of Ni or Co as promoters enhances hydrogenation reactions. New research trends are exploring alternative catalyst formulations, such as metal phosphides, carbides, nitrides, and mesoporous materials as supports with controlled acid-basic properties.

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“…This is made in terms of yields, chemical composition, and HHV for different upgraded solar bio-oils, along with other upgraded bio-oils from HDO influenced by Mo concentration. López et al [24] analyzed two different bio-oils obtained from lignocellulosic biomasses, acacia sawdust, and palm empty fruit bunches. In their work, they synthesized Mo 2 C as a catalyst and contrasted the results with another commercial catalyst NiMoS under analogous operational conditions of HDO.…”

Section: Comparison Of Upgraded Bio-oils Using Mo Catalysts From Sola...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a concurrent direction, Chen et al [23] upgraded methyl laurate with a bimetallic catalyst employing different ratios of Ni/Mo. Furthermore, López et al [24] used hydrodeoxygenated palm oil to compare Mo 2 C against NiMo and found that the Mo 2 C catalyst has the ability to produce more cyclic hydrocarbons than the NiMo catalyst, which favors the linear hydrocarbon formation. Ameen et al [25] studied the HDO of rubber seed oil using Mo/Al 2 O 3 and Ni/Al 2 O 3 with Mo concentrations of 3, 12, and 15 wt.%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Solar Energy Produced Bio-Oil in Supercritical Ethanol with Mo2C/CNF Catalysts: Effect of Mo Concentration

Ayala-Cortés,

Torres,

Frecha

et al. 2023

Catalysts

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Transition metal carbides have emerged as an attractive alternative to conventional catalysts in hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions due to surface reactivity, catalytic activity, and thermodynamic stability similar to those of noble metals. In this study, the impact of varying Mo concentration in carbon nanofiber-supported catalysts for the supercritical ethanol-assisted HDO of bio-oils in an autoclave batch reactor is discussed. Raw bio-oils derived from agave bagasse and corncob through solar hydrothermal liquefaction were treated at 350 °C. Our findings indicate that the presence of Mo has a strong impact on both product yield and chemical properties. Thus, a Mo concentration of 10 wt.% is enough to obtain high deoxygenation values (69–72%), resulting in a yield of upgraded bio-oil ranging between 49.9 and 60.4%, depending on the feedstock used, with an energy content of around 35 MJ/kg. A further increase in the Mo loadings (20 and 30 wt.%) reduced the loss of carbon due to gasification and improved the bio-oil yields up to 62.6 and 67.4%, without compromising the product quality.

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Catalytic Upgrading of Residual Biomass Derived Bio-oil over Molybdenum Carbide

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Upgrading of Oils from Biomass and Waste: Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation

Upgrading of Oils from Biomass and Waste: Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation

Progress and Perspectives in the Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Bio-Oils: Effect of the Nature of the Metal Catalyst

Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Solar Energy Produced Bio-Oil in Supercritical Ethanol with Mo2C/CNF Catalysts: Effect of Mo Concentration

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