Catalytic Use toward the Redox Reaction of Toxic Industrial Wastes in Innocuous Aqueous Medium and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Cu_xAg_xZn_1–2xO Nanocomposites

Abstract

In this work, we report the redox properties in organic catalytic transformation and antibacterial activity of novel Cu x Ag x Zn 1−2x O nanocomposites. Cu-and Ag-doped ZnO [Cu x Ag x Zn 1−2x O (x = 0.1)] (CAZ), Cu-doped ZnO [Cu x Zn 1−x O (x = 0.1)] (CZ), and Ag-doped ZnO [Ag x Zn 1−x O (x = 0.1)] (AZ) were prepared via a chemical co-precipitation method. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques. The catalytic activity of CAZ, CZ, and AZ was examined for the reduction of 4nitrophenol (4-NP) and 4-nitroaniline (4-NA) in the presence of NaBH 4 in an aqueous medium. The photocatalytic oxidation efficiency of these catalysts was also observed against naphthol orange (NO) under ultraviolet light. It was found that the catalytic reduction and oxidation efficiency of CAZ is higher than that of CZ and AZ in 4-NP/4-NA and NO in a water solvent, respectively. The antibacterial property of CAZ was also studied against Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria by agar well diffusion and the minimum inhibitory concentration methods. It was found that CAZ shows better antimicrobial activity compared to its parental Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •3H 2 O, AgNO 3 , and ZnO. Therefore, the incorporation of Cu and Ag into ZnO increases its catalytic and antimicrobial activity remarkably. Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of CAZ indicate the incorporation of Cu and Ag into the lattice of ZnO. The phase structure of CAZ was wurtzite hexagonal, and the average crystallite size was 93 ± 1 nm measured from XRD. The average grain size and particle size of CAZ were found to be 200 and 100 ± 5 nm originating from SEM and transmission electron microscopy studies, respectively. The optical energy band gap of CAZ is 3.15 eV, which supports the excellent photocatalyst under UV light. CAZ also exhibits good agreement for photoluminescence properties with a high intensity peak at 571 nm, indicating surface oxygen vacancies and defects which might be responsible for higher photocatalytic activity compared to others. The nanocomposite shows excellent reusability without any significant loss of activity.

Sodium Alginate–CdS Nanostructures: Reinforcing Chemoselectivity in Nitro-Organic Reduction and Dye Degradation through Photoinduced Electron Transfer

“…For a long time, researchers have been interested in organic transformations, photoredox reactions, dye degradation, and other processes using photocatalysts under visible light. − One of the main organic transformations used in industries such as pharmaceutical, agricultural, dye, and photographic is the chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to amines. , This process is important because nitro compounds such as 4-nitroaniline (NA) and 4-nitrophenol (NP) are carcinogenic and hazardous to humans and aquatic life. , Thus, it is essential to reduce these aromatic nitro compounds into functional amines. The catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds is a standard technique used to produce amines in the presence of several reducing agents like lithium aluminium hydride, which can nonselectively reduce various functional groups such as vinyl, carboxyl, cyano, carbonyl, and nitro groups. − Therefore, to achieve chemoselectivity in a chemical reaction, a protective group is incorporated into a compound by chemically modifying a functional group.…”

“…4,5 This process is important because nitro compounds such as 4-nitroaniline (NA) and 4-nitrophenol (NP) are carcinogenic and hazardous to humans and aquatic life. 6,7 Thus, it is essential to reduce these aromatic nitro compounds into functional amines. The catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds is a standard technique used to produce amines in the presence of several reducing agents like lithium aluminium hydride, which can nonselectively reduce various functional groups such as vinyl, carboxyl, cyano, carbonyl, and nitro groups.…”

A new copper molybdate-doped aluminium phosphate nanocomposite heterostructure for photoreduction of aqueous 2-NA and 4-NA

“…P -Phenylenediamine (PPD), a compound that belongs to the class of aminobenzenes, is mostly employed as a component of rubber antioxidants and colours. 19 It serves as a precursor to thermoplastics and aromatic textile fibers. In a commercial procedure, 4-nitroaniline (4-NA) is nearly invariably used in the first step in the manufacture of p -Phenylenediamine (PPD), which is then catalytically hydrogenated.…”

Biosynthesis of JC-La2CoO4 magnetic nanoparticles explored in catalytic and SMMs properties

“…A bulk of contaminated industrial effluents are discharged into bodies of water without their possible treatment 16 , 17 . The majority of dye industry waste water is contains diverse natural azo colours, which are toxic and these colours are exceptionally harmful in nature and unsafe to sea animals and in addition to the human being 18 – 20 . Azo dyes, for example, naphthol orange, methyl orange, rhodamine B, conga red were the principal materials in the dye industry.…”