Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) of Phenol in a Fixed Bed Reactor Using Supported Ru and Ru‐Au Catalysts: Effect of Gold and Ce Loading

Izquierdo-Colorado, Armando; Torres‐Torres, Gilberto; Gamboa-Rodríguez, María Teresa; Silahua-Pavón, Adib Abiu; Arévalo‐Pérez, Juan Carlos; Cervantes‐Uribe, Adrián; Cordero-García, Adrián; Beltramini, Jorge

doi:10.1002/slct.201802958

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…They are acid sites called Lewis sites where a nucleophilic substrate can be deposited [ 72 ]. Previous works have proved that the number of acid sites promotes efficient catalytic properties (e.g., in catalytic wet air oxidation of ROCs [ 37 , 54 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ] and production of biofuels [ 77 , 78 , 79 ]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical and Structural Changes by Gold Addition Using Recharge Method in NiW/Al2O3-CeO2-TiO2 Nanomaterials

et al. 2021

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NiWAu trimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of support Al2O3-CeO2-TiO2 were synthesized by a three-step synthetic method in which Au NPs were incorporated into presynthesized NiW/Al2O3-CeO2-TiO2. The recharge method, also known as the redox method, was used to add 2.5 wt% gold. The Al2O3-CeO2-TiO2 support was made by a sol–gel method with two different compositions, and then two metals were simultaneously loaded (5 wt% nickel and 2.5 wt% tungsten) by two different methods, incipient wet impregnation and ultrasound impregnation method. In this paper, we study the effect of Au addition using the recharge method on NiW nanomaterials supported on mixed oxides on the physicochemical properties of synthesized nanomaterials. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, BET specific surface area, X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the UV–visible range and temperature-programmed desorption of hydrogen. The experimental results showed that after loading of gold, the dispersion was higher (46% and 50%) with the trimetallic nanomaterials synthesized by incipient wet impregnation plus recharge method than with impregnation plus ultrasound recharge method, indicating a greater number of active trimetallic (NiWAu) sites in these materials. Small-sized Au from NiWAu/ACTU1 trimetallic nanostructures was enlarged for NiWAu/ACT1. The strong metal NPs–support interaction shown for the formation of NiAl2O4, Ni-W-O and Ni-Au-O species simultaneously present in the surface of trimetallic nanomaterial probably plays an important role in the degree of dispersion of the gold active phase.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, partial oxidation commonly occurs, and this causes the simultaneous presence of intermediates and CO 2 in the reaction mixture. Nevertheless, the increase in TOC removal means that the organic refractory molecule will be more oxidized to CO 2 [ 74 , 75 , 76 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Structural Changes by Gold Addition Using Recharge Method in NiW/Al2O3-CeO2-TiO2 Nanomaterials

et al. 2021

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“…Regarding CWAO of phenol, there has been significantly more work (albeit on different catalysts), Luck produced a significant review in 1999; more recent work has concentrated upon supported noble and non-noble metallic and oxide systems. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ti-Doped SBA-15 Catalysts Used in Phenol Oxidation Reactions

et al. 2019

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Two Ti-SBA-15 catalysts are synthesized using techniques that should either deposit Ti atoms specifically at the SBA-15 surface or allow Ti-containing species to exist at both the surface and within the bulk of SBA-15. The materials have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman and UV visible spectroscopies, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry microscopies, and N 2 physisorption experiments. They have been applied in the total oxidation of phenol under catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) conditions and using photoand plasma promotion. The materials retain the structure of SBA-15 following the doping in both cases and Ti incorporation is confirmed. The nature of the incorporated Ti remains unclearwith evidence for anatase TiO 2 (from Raman and UV vis analysis) and evidence for atomically dispersed Ti from FTIR. In terms of reactivity, the presence of Ti in the in situprepared catalyst improves reactivity in the photopromoted reaction (increasing conversion from 28 to 60%), while both Ti catalysts improve reactivity in the CWAO reaction (by 7% over the in situ catalyst and by 25% over the grafted material). The presence of Ti has no beneficial effect on conversion in the plasma-promoted reaction. Here, however, Ti does affect the nature of the oxidized intermediates formed during the total phenol oxidation.

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