With
exceptional physicochemical properties, carbon nanomaterials
(CNMs) have been widely applied in various energy and environmental
applications including energy conversion, energy storage, and environmental
remediation. Recent efforts have been made to prepare modified CNMs
with improved electrical and chemical properties, hence broadening
their potential applications. It is highly desirable to produce high-quality
CNMs at a low cost and large scale, which remains a challenging task.
Ball-milled CNMs (BM-CNMs) are a novel class of engineered materials
that may provide new opportunities to satisfy the need. To promote
the research on BM-CNMs, this work provides a comprehensive review
on recent research development in (1) synthesis of various types of
BM-CNMs, (2) effects of ball milling on physicochemical properties
of BM-CNMs, and (3) energy and environmental applications of BM-CNMs.
Different ball-milling processes for preparing BM-CNMs and modified
BM-CNMs with desired particle size, structure, and surface properties
are summarized and discussed. The physicochemical properties of pristine
CNMs and BM-CNMs are compared. Because of BM-CNM’s unique properties,
such as excellent catalytic, electrochemical, and sorptive properties,
their potential applications in energy conversion, energy storage,
and environmental remediation are also discussed. Key challenges and
further research needs are proposed at the end.