Catalyzed pyrolysis of scrap tires rubber

Rijo, Bruna; Dias, Ana Paula Soares; Wojnicki, Łukasz

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2021.107037

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…4 The incorrect disposal of waste tires in landfills, for example, presents a risk to public health due to non-biodegradability and leaching of heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, iron, aluminum, and mercury. 5,6 In addition, discarded tires become a breeding ground for mosquitoes, worms, and other disease-carrying insects. 7 Another case is energy recovery by combustion, which is an ineffective alternative as there is the emission of polluting gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and fine particulates, contributing to poor air quality leading to global warming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Another case is energy recovery by combustion, which is an ineffective alternative as there is the emission of polluting gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and fine particulates, contributing to poor air quality leading to global warming. 5 So, for environmental reasons, these traditional disposal technologies are disappropriated for waste tires. Thus, it is essential to implement public policies that encourage the reduction of consumption, reuse, and recycling of this material, as well as the environmental education of the population to change consumption and disposal habits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyurethane‐polyisocyanurate (PUR‐PIR) foams based on castor oil modified with tire rubber waste: Statistical‐based analysis

Saboia,

da Silva,

Monteceli

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This study explores the utilization of bio‐polyol, derived from castor oil modified with waste tire rubber (WTR), in the synthesis of rigid polyurethane–polyisocyanurate foams. Two WTR concentrations (10% and 20%) were incorporated, investigating their impact on foaming, cellular structure, and various foam properties. Response surface methodology assessed the influence of polyol/isocyanate ratios and WTR content on thermal, physical, and mechanical responses. Results indicated significant effects of polyol/isocyanate ratios on thermal and density properties, while WTR content exhibited an opposite trend. Mechanical behavior showed a distinct pattern compared to thermal and physical aspects, suggesting no conclusive correlation between compressive stress variability and polyol/isocyanate ratio or WTR content. Consequently, the application of these foams depends on specific property requirements, highlighting the potential of sustainable bio‐polyols and recycled WTR in replacing conventional petroleum‐based counterparts in polyurethane foam production.Highlights Development of rigid polyurethane–polyisocyanurate foams based on castor oil. Polyurethane–polyisocyanurate foams modified with waste tire rubber. Increased isocyanate index impacts thermal stability and density. Response surface methodology showed variability in compressive stress behavior and the polyol/isocyanate ratio. For application of polyurethane–polyisocyanurate foams will depend on the desired properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane‐polyisocyanurate (PUR‐PIR) foams based on castor oil modified with tire rubber waste: Statistical‐based analysis

Saboia,

da Silva,

Monteceli

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…Waste tires are mainly composed of unbiodegradable rubber materials, occupying tremendous open land and breeding unpleasant mosquitoes and pathogens for a long time as well as easily causing fire if not being landfilled . Rubber powder, refurbishments, recycled rubber, and pyrolysis are often used for tire disposal. − However, these methods either produce secondary pollution or fail to satisfy the treatment capacity. Previous studies have shown that waste tire particles could be used to adsorb environmental pollutants, including heavy-metal Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ , , harmful organic matter, , arsenic in water environments, oil spill, and so on, which provides an alternative disposal option.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Waste Tire-Derived Particles to Remove Benzene and n-Hexane by Dynamic and Static Adsorption

et al. 2023

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Scrap tire rubber particles were used and evaluated to adsorb some gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as benzene and n-hexane. The results present that the adsorption capacities were 0.18 and 0.072 mg/g for n-hexane and benzene, respectively, in the static adsorption mode; the effective adsorption may be attributed to the carbon black of the tire. The adsorption process is in accordance with the Freundlich isothermal model and Lagergren pseudo-first-order kinetic equation. Correspondingly, the adsorption process is multilayer adsorption analyzed by the intramolecular diffusion model. In the dynamic adsorption mode, the maximum adsorption efficiencies of nhexane and benzene were 80.7 and 81%, respectively, at flow velocities of 0.1 L/min n-hexane and 0.2 L/min benzene.

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“…NR is the most commonly used rubber polymer in truck tires, accounting for 75% of global NR utilization [ 12 ]. Additionally, common tire rubbers include butadiene rubber (BR), nitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR), and isobutylene–isoprene rubber (IIR) [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Tire-rubber particles are released and accumulate during vehicle driving and braking of vehicles; the particles then flow into water bodies after being washed by rain and enter various environmental media [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Potential Hormonal Effects of Tire Polymers (TPs) on Different Species Based on a Theoretical Computational Approach

Wang

Yang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Tire polymers (TPs) are the most prevalent type of microplastics and are of great concern due to their potential environmental risks. This study aims to determine the toxicity of TPs with the help of molecular-dynamics simulations of their interactions with receptors and to highlight the differences in the toxicity characteristics of TPs in different environmental media (marine environment, freshwater environment, soil environment). For this purpose, five TPs—natural rubber, styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber, nitrile–butadiene rubber, and isobutylene–isoprene rubber—were analyzed. Molecular-dynamics calculations were conducted on their binding energies to neurotoxic, developmental, and reproductive receptors of various organisms to characterize the toxic effects of the five TPs. The organisms included freshwater species (freshwater nematodes, snails, shrimp, and freshwater fish), marine species (marine nematodes, mussels, crab, and marine fish), and soil species (soil nematodes, springtails, earthworms, and spiders). A multilevel empowerment method was used to determine the bio-toxicity of the TPs in various environmental media. A coupled-normalization method–principal-component analysis–factor-analysis weighting method—was used to calculate the weights of the TP toxicity (first level) categories. The results revealed that the TPs were the most biologically neurotoxic to three environmental media (20.79% and 10.57% higher compared with developmental and reproductive toxicity, respectively). Regarding the effects of TPs on organisms in various environmental media (second level), using a subjective empowerment approach, a gradual increase in toxicity was observed with increasing trophic levels due to the enrichment of TPs and the feeding behavior of organisms. TPs had the greatest influence in the freshwater-environment organisms according to the subjective empowerment approach employed to weight the three environmental media (third level). Therefore, using the minimum-value method coupled with the feature-aggregation method, the interval-deflation method coupled with the entropy-weighting method, and the standard-deviation normalization method, the three toxicity characteristics of SBR in three environmental media and four organisms were determined. SBR was found to have the greatest impact on the overall toxicity of the freshwater environment (12.38% and 9.33% higher than the marine and soil environments, respectively). The greatest contribution to neurotoxicity (26.01% and 15.95% higher than developmental and reproductive toxicity, respectively) and the greatest impact on snails and shrimp among organisms in the freshwater environment were observed. The causes of the heterogeneity of SBR’s toxicity were elucidated using amino-acid-residue analysis. SBR primarily interacted with toxic receptors through van der Waals, hydrophobic, π-π, and π-sigma interactions, and the more stable the binding, the more toxic the effect. The toxicity characteristics of TMPs to various organisms in different environments identified in this paper provide a theoretical basis for subsequent studies on the prevention and control of TMPs in the environment.

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Catalyzed pyrolysis of scrap tires rubber

Cited by 28 publications

References 65 publications

Polyurethane‐polyisocyanurate (PUR‐PIR) foams based on castor oil modified with tire rubber waste: Statistical‐based analysis

Polyurethane‐polyisocyanurate (PUR‐PIR) foams based on castor oil modified with tire rubber waste: Statistical‐based analysis

Using Waste Tire-Derived Particles to Remove Benzene and n-Hexane by Dynamic and Static Adsorption

Exploring the Potential Hormonal Effects of Tire Polymers (TPs) on Different Species Based on a Theoretical Computational Approach

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