Cataracts associated with systemic disorders and syndromes

Negahban, Kambiz; Chern, Kenneth C.

doi:10.1097/00055735-200212000-00013

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This response was observed as LEC death and lens oxidation. The obtained results are in line with previous studies, in which cataracts under diabetic conditions have been found to be strongly associated with agedependent circulatory disorders and also dependent on diastolic blood pressure, the duration of diabetes, elevated glycosylated hemoglobin levels and lower intraocular pressure (19,20).…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…These lens fiber cells were suggested to contain less Nrf2-dependent antioxidant protection, and the changes result in crystallin aggregation and oxidation in the posterior and cortical regions. Moreover, earlier findings have reported that diabetic cataracts are intensely associated with diabetic exposure time (19,20), where longer exposure results in an increased density of the cortical lens fiber cell layer.…”

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confidence: 90%

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Attenuation of oxygen fluctuation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in human lens epithelial cells

Zheng

Chen

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Cataractogenic stresses are associated with the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, little is known about oxygen (O 2 )-induced ER stress in the lens. Cataract research has focused on elevated levels of O 2 in lens epithelial cells (LECs). Excessive levels or a lack of O 2 are known to induce ER stress whereas chronic ER stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). The present study investigated the hypothesis that the fluctuation of O 2 levels induces a UPR, and may be controlled by maintaining human LECs (hLECs) in a specific concentration of O 2 . Human LECs were cultured in different atmospheric levels of O 2 . Hypoxic conditions were determined by the level of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and ethidium homodimer-1 staining were conducted to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death, respectively. Protein blot analyses were performed with antibodies specific to antioxidant and UPR-specific proteins. Reverse transcription-quantitatative polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to quantify the mRNA levels of activated NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). The treatment of human LECs with 0 and 20% atmospheric O 2 activated Nrf2/Keap1. The LECs shifted to 1% atmospheric O 2 from 0, 4 or 20% for 24 h showed decreased levels of Keap1. By contrast, hLECs cultured in 1% atmospheric O 2 for 24 h and then shifted to 0, 4 or 20% O 2 exhibited a significant upregulation of Nrf2. These results suggest that oxidative stress proteins were not expressed in a 1% O 2 environment. The O 2 levels in the culture medium were equilibrated within 2 h in the cell culture plates. These results showed that an appropriate oxygen environment for the culture of LECs is ~1 % atmospheric O 2 . Either 0 or 20% of atmospheric O 2 activated the UPR and the Nrf2/Keap1-mediated antioxidant system in LECs and chronic exposure to O 2 fluctuation led to ROS production and cell death. This study revealed that O 2 fluctuation-induced UPR/ER stress could be prevented by maintaining the cells in a 1% O 2 environment.

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confidence: 92%

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confidence: 90%

Attenuation of oxygen fluctuation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in human lens epithelial cells

Zheng

Chen

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…Current treatment modalities are effective in preventing 98% of vision loss, if treatment is provided at the appropriate time.There is additional evidence that the risk of cataract increases with increasing diabetes duration and severity of hyperglycemia 8,9 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Status of Ocular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes and Relationship Between Other Comorbidities

Nath

Sharifi

2016

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J

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Introduction : Diabetes Mellitus is a multifactorial disease, associated with a number of micro vascular (Retinopathy, Neuropathy and Nephropathy) and macro vascular (Ischemic Heart Disease, Cerebrovascular Disease and Peripheral Vascular Diseases) complications. Duration of diabetes, current smoking and presence of co morbidities such as HTN, IHD all are significantly associated with the ocular complications in this study. Objective: The purpose of the study is to see the glycaemic status and co morbidities influencing the ocular complications. Methods: The patients for the study were randomly recruited from the Eye outpatient clinics in Chattagram Maa Shishu-O-General Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh, from July 2014 to October 2014. Risk factors of DR like age, sex, duration of diabetes and hypertension, IHD, smoking status were evaluated. Results: The study showed that 53 are male and 47 are female. Maximum age is 85 and minimum age is studied at 28. Cataract was the predominant complications presented our study. 22% patient had unilateral and 20% had bilateral cataract. 29% had retinopathy. Mean FPG , PPG & HBA1c levels in unilateral cataract were 7.0 mmol/L, 8.9 mmol/L and 7.03 mmol/L in comparative to retinopathy group was 8.4 mmol/L, 10.6 mmol/L and 8.6 mmol/L respectively. Major complications are retinopathy are found in 26% hypertensive and 24% IHD patients, prevalence of Diabetic retinopathy is 6.9% after 5 years onset of DM and 73.9% after 15 years of diabetes. Conclusion : Prevalence of Diabetic ocular complications is high in our country, Ocular complications increases proportionately to duration and presence of co morbidities. Tight control of DM and periodic eye examination can prevent complications.

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“…There is published evidence that the risk of cataract increases with an increased duration of diabetes and severity of hyperglycemia [22]. There is also a strong positive association between diabetes with primary open angle glaucoma, the most common form of glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure in the absence of optic neuropathy [23,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effectiveness of opportunistic eye screening model for people with Diabetes attending Diabetes clinic at Mnazi Mmoja hospital, Zanzibar

et al. 2014

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BackgroundDiabetes and its related microvascular complications like Diabetic retinopathy are showing an alarming rise in developing countries like Zanzibar. Objective of the present study is to evaluate the impact of integrating eye screening for all subjects attending the diabetes clinic at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in Zanzibar and to estimate the prevalence of visual impairment and diabetic retinopathy among the subjects.MethodsThis is a cross sectional study involving 356 randomly selected patients who had attended the diabetes clinic between July and August 2012. All subjects underwent comprehensive eye examination including fundus evaluation after dilatation by a cataract surgeon and an ophthalmologist, independently. Data was collected using the designated questionnaire and analysed using the SPSS software. Blindness and visual impairment was defined as presenting VA <3/60 and <6/18 to 6/60 in the better eye respectively and DR was graded using the International classification of Diabetic Retinopathy severity grading scale.ResultsA total of 356/967 subjects were recruited in a duration of 2 months; 176 (49.4%) were male and the mean age was 52.21 (SD 15.3). Targeted eye screening of diabetics showed that 231/356 (65%) of the subjects had eye problems, including potentially blinding conditions that required immediate intervention in contrast to the existing self reported referral where only 10% of an average of 200 diabetics underwent eye checkup in a year. The prevalence of visual impairment was 20.2%; 95% CI: 16.4-24.7 and blindness in 9.3%; 95% CI: 6.7 -12.7. The prevalence of DR was 28.3% and sight-threatening DR was reported in 9%. Among the DR cases, 30% had sight threatening DR including 28% macular edema, 2% severe NPDR and PDR. Multivariate analysis showed a higher risk for any DR in older subjects >50 years (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.14 – 4.25) and in females (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.07 – 3.44).ConclusionOpportunistic DR screening model achieved higher yield of identification of visual impairment and DR compared to the yield of 10% of existing self reported Diabetic eye screening model at Zanzibar. Integration of eye screening at diabetes clinics helps in early identification and provision of appropriate treatment for reducing blindness due to diabetes.

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Cataracts associated with systemic disorders and syndromes

Cited by 39 publications

References 14 publications

Attenuation of oxygen fluctuation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in human lens epithelial cells

Attenuation of oxygen fluctuation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in human lens epithelial cells

Status of Ocular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes and Relationship Between Other Comorbidities

Evaluating the effectiveness of opportunistic eye screening model for people with Diabetes attending Diabetes clinic at Mnazi Mmoja hospital, Zanzibar

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