Catastrophic emplacement of the gigantic Markagunt gravity slide, southwest Utah (USA): Implications for hazards associated with sector collapse of volcanic fields

Hacker, David B.; Biek, Robert F.; Rowley, Peter D.

doi:10.1130/g35896.1

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The eastward lateral displacement of pluton overburden at Campiglia is paralleled by another prominent displacement that occurred in Tuscany above the 7 Ma Monte Capanne intrusion (Elba Island, Westerman et al 2004). However, in Elba Island the crustal slice was displaced by about 8 km as a thick, coherent, brittle body, similar to the Serifos detachment system (Ducoux et al 2016) or the larger Markagunt gravity slide occurred ~21-22 Ma in SW Utah above an igneous intrusion (Hacker et al 2014). In contrast, the pluton intrusion into carbonate formations in the Campiglia case generated a lateral mass displacement in ductile regime, changing to brittle movements with increasing distance and time.…”

Section: A Unifying Scenariomentioning

confidence: 89%

Lateral extrusion of a thermally weakened pluton overburden (Campiglia Marittima, Tuscany)

Vezzoni

Rocchi

Dini

2017

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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The ascent and emplacement of magmas in the upper crust modify the local pre-existing thermal and rheological settings. Such changes have important effects in producing anomalous structures, mass extrusion, rock fracturing, and in some conditions, hydrothermal mineralizations. In the Campiglia Marittima area, detailed field mapping led to the reconstruction of a local deformation history that overlaps, chronologically and spatially, with regional extension. This local deformation was triggered at the Mioceneâ\u80\u93Pliocene boundary by the intrusion of a monzogranitic pluton beneath a carbonate sedimentary sequence. The emplacement of the pluton produced a perturbation in the rheological behaviour of the carbonate host rocks, producing transient ductile conditions in the very shallow crust. The carbonate rocks were thermally weakened and flowed laterally, accumulating downslope of the pluton roof, mainly toward the east. As the thermal anomaly was decaying, the brittleâ\u80\u93ductile boundary moved progressively back towards the pluton, and large tension gash-shaped volumes of fractured marble were generated. These fractured volumes were exploited by rising hydrothermal fluids generating sigmoidal skarn bodies and ore shoots. This work presents the Campiglia Marittima case study as a prime example of structural interference between regional extensional structures and local, lateral mass extrusion in a transient ductile rheological regime triggered by pluton emplacement

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Section: A Unifying Scenariomentioning

confidence: 89%

Lateral extrusion of a thermally weakened pluton overburden (Campiglia Marittima, Tuscany)

Vezzoni

Rocchi

Dini

2017

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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“…Differences in mineral strength and the addition of heterogeneous stress distributions from textural features such as crystal boundaries, cleavage planes and differences in cementation in granular material (e.g., Saadati et al, 2018) promote stress concentrations and weaknesses that alter the strength and as a consequence, frictional behaviour. Yet understanding the response of glassy materials to fault slip is vital to numerous settings, including volcanic environments that include glassbearing lavas and ignimbrites, and which are prone to faulting and gravitational instabilities (Elsworth et al, 2007;Hacker et al, 2014;Lavallée et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the brittle regime in near surface shear zones, gouge and cataclasite layers and zones are preserved (Engelder, 1974;Sibson, 1977;Wallace et al, 2019b). At greater pressures, ductile mylonites are formed (Sibson, 1977) and in cases of extreme heating during slip, pseudotachylytes, solidified frictional melts, occur (Sibson, 1977;Di Toro et al, 2011;Kendrick et al, 2012;Mitchell et al, 2016) and are often used as evidence for the occurrence of coseismic slip (Sibson, 1975;Cowan, 1999), though they have also been recorded in mass movements (e.g., Masch et al, 1985;Grunewald et al, 2000;Hacker et al, 2014;Hughes et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frictional Behaviour, Wear and Comminution of Synthetic Porous Geomaterials

et al. 2020

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During shearing in geological environments, frictional processes, including the wear of sliding rock surfaces, control the nature of the slip events. Multiple studies focusing on natural samples have investigated the frictional behaviour of a large suite of geological materials. However, due to the varied and heterogeneous nature of geomaterials, the individual controls of material properties on friction and wear remain unconstrained. Here, we use variably porous synthetic glass samples (8, 19 and 30% porosity) to explore the frictional behaviour and development of wear in geomaterials at low normal stresses (≤1 MPa). We propose that porosity provides an inherent roughness to material which wear and abrasion cannot smooth, allowing material at the pore margins to interact with the slip surface. This results in an increase in measured friction coefficient from <0.4 for 8% porosity, to <0.55 for 19% porosity and 0.6–0.8 for 30% porosity for the slip rates evaluated. For a given porosity, wear rate reduces with slip rate due to less asperity interaction time. At higher slip rates, samples also exhibit slip weakening behaviour, either due to evolution of the slipping zone or by the activation of temperature-dependent microphysical processes. However, heating rate and peak temperature may be reduced by rapid wear rates as frictional heating and wear compete. The higher wear rates and reduced heating rates of porous rocks during slip may delay the onset of thermally triggered dynamic weakening mechanisms such as flash heating, frictional melting and thermal pressurisation. Hence porosity, and the resultant friction coefficient, work, heating rate and wear rate, of materials can influence the dynamics of slip during such events as shallow crustal faulting or mass movements.

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“…The Storegga slide is attributed to earthquake activity-associated gas hydrate dissociation during postglacial isostatic rebound [42,43]. Volcanic growth is another tectonic activity that causes gigantic landslides both in subaerial environments (e.g., the Markagunt gravity slide-the largest subaerial landslide) [44] and in submarine environments [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant Submarine Landslide in the South China Sea: Evidence, Causes, and Implications

Zhu

Cheng

et al. 2019

JMSE

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Submarine landslides can be tremendous in scale. They are one of the most important processes for global sediment fluxes and tsunami generation. However, studies of prodigious submarine landslides remain insufficient. In this review paper, we compile, summarize, and reanalyze the results of previous studies. Based on this reanalysis, we discover the giant Baiyun–Liwan submarine slide in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea. We describe three concurrent pieces of evidence from ~23 Ma to 24 Ma, the Oligocene–Miocene boundary, for this landslide: the shoreward shift of the shelf break in the Baiyun Sag, the slump deposition to the southeast, and the abrupt decrease in the accumulation rate on the lower continental slope. This landslide extends for over 250 km, and the total affected area of the slide is up to ~35,000–40,000 km2. The scale of the landslide is similar to that of the Storegga slide, which has long been considered to be the largest landslide on earth. We suggest that strike–slip movement along the Red River Fault and ridge jump of the South China Sea caused the coeval Baiyun–Liwan submarine slide. The identification of the giant landslide will promote the understanding of not only its associated geohazards but also the steep rise of the Himalayan orogeny and marine engineering. More attention needs to be paid to areas with repeated submarine landslides and offshore installations.

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Catastrophic emplacement of the gigantic Markagunt gravity slide, southwest Utah (USA): Implications for hazards associated with sector collapse of volcanic fields

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Lateral extrusion of a thermally weakened pluton overburden (Campiglia Marittima, Tuscany)

Lateral extrusion of a thermally weakened pluton overburden (Campiglia Marittima, Tuscany)

Frictional Behaviour, Wear and Comminution of Synthetic Porous Geomaterials

Giant Submarine Landslide in the South China Sea: Evidence, Causes, and Implications

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