Catastrophic health expenditure of households with hypertension: a comparative study in China

Abstract

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to understand the impact of multimorbidity on catastrophic health expenditures for people with hypertension.MethodsData were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018, 8,342 adults were included in our analysis. Propensity score matching method was used to compare the risk of catastrophic health expenditures between the hypertension patients (treatment group) and those without any chronic disease (control group) in middle-aged and older adults. Patients with hypertension were also divided into two groups: only hypertension and multimorbidity.ResultsHypertension increased the likelihood of CHE by 11.3% in older adults. Further analysis showed that hypertension alone does not increase the risk of CHE, and the risk of CHE in hypertension patients with multimorbidity was 12.9% higher than those without chronic disease.ConclusionOur study highlights the importance of healthy management of patients with only hypertension and preventing them from developing multimorbidity.

Two Novel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory and ACE2 Upregulating Peptides from the Hydrolysate of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Seed Meal

“…Hypertension is a multicomplicated and acutely worsening global cardiovascular disease. According to a recent report, approximately 31% of the adults worldwide suffer from hypertension, and the number is rapidly increasing with the aging of the global population . In the classical renin angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a central role in the generation of angiotensin (Ang) II (a vasoconstrictor) from inactive Ang I, leading to hypertension …”