Catastrophic influences on the vegetation of the Valdivian Andes, Chile

Veblen, Thomas T.; Ashton, D. H.

doi:10.1007/bf02342598

Cited by 241 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Sites that are particularly prone to ES can be repeatedly disturbed during separate episodes of earthquakeinduced disturbance (Veblen & Ashton 1978), and spatial dependence in the occurrence of disturbances over time is thus possible. In our study, several land surfaces were impacted by disturbances during more than one episode (Table 5).…”

Section: Spatial Dependence In the Occurrence Of Disturbance Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A landscape history similar to that described in this study has also been documented in south-central Chile, based on the impacts of the 1960 earthquake and the estimated recurrence interval of large earthquakes Debris fans (n = 11) 3 3 4 1 Sedimentation surfaces (n = 15) 1 9 4 1 Landslide surfaces (n = 3) 2 1 Terraces (n = 11) 4 7 Stable hill-slopes (n = 4) 4 (one per century). Although no long-term quantitative reconstructions have been made, earthquakes in this region exert an important influence on forest and landscape dynamics over a large area (Veblen & Ashton 1978;Kitzberger et al . 1995).…”

Section:  mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest dynamics in Westland, New Zealand: the importance of large, infrequent earthquake-induced disturbance

2001

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Summary1 Large, infrequent disturbances can exert a dominant influence on the structure and dynamics of forested landscapes and in Westland, New Zealand there is evidence of at least three massive earthquakes within the last 650 years. We reconstructed the history of forest disturbance in two study areas, totalling 1412 ha, to quantify the role of such disturbance in structuring the conifer/hardwood forests. 2 We divided the study area into different land-surface types, aged trees on each land surface and identified cohorts of trees established in response to past disturbance. The type of disturbance (tree fall or erosion/sedimentation event) that initiated cohort establishment was determined from the type of land surface and other physical evidence. We also dated abrupt growth releases or suppressions in tree rings to aid disturbance history reconstruction. 3 Erosion and sedimentation events dominated the disturbance regime, affecting 86% of the study area in the last 650 years. Catchment-wide episodes of forest cohort-initiating disturbances were centred around 1820-30, 1710-20, 1610-20 and 1460  . Of the 51 cohorts identified in the study area, 47 were initiated during one of these episodes, when disturbance by erosion or sedimentation affected from 10-50% of the study area. Consequently, over 80% of the forested area currently comprises simple, first generation cohorts of trees established after catastrophic disturbance. Only 14% of the study area is more complex, all-aged forest. 4 Three disturbance episodes coincide with the three most recent Alpine fault earthquakes ( c . 1717, 1630 and 1460  ), while one coincides with earthquakes recorded to the south of the study catchment in 1826  . Age structures from throughout Westland show that extensive, similar-aged, post-earthquake cohorts of trees are a feature of the region, suggesting that infrequent, massive earthquakes are the dominant coarse-scale disturbance agent, triggering episodes of major erosion and sedimentation and leaving a strong imprint on the forest structure.

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Section: Spatial Dependence In the Occurrence Of Disturbance Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section:  mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest dynamics in Westland, New Zealand: the importance of large, infrequent earthquake-induced disturbance

2001

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“…The two earthquakes betw~en them created many of the plant habitats now III the study area. Similar earthquake-ind uced landslides, and their long-term effects on the flora and vegetation of the Valdivian Andes in Chile have been described by Veblen & Ashton (1978). ' Orongorongo Valley ~he ~rongoro~go River is the main south-flowing nver 10 the Rlmutaka Range, and runs approximately parallel to the range for over 30 km.…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 53%

The vascular flora of the DSIR study area lower Orongorongo Valley, Wellington, New Zealand

Campbell¹

1984

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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All vascular 'plants recorded in the lower Orongorongo Valley DSIR study area (1100 ha) are listed with notes on their status and distribution. Of the 501 taxa, 355 are native, 128 are naturalised, and 18 have probably been deliberately introduced or cultivated. Of the native taxa, 35% are woody plants, but only 75 of these (or 60% of woody native taxa) are common and thus make up the bulk of the vegetation structure. By contrast, less than 9% of the naturalised species are woody plants, and all except two -gorse and buddleia _ are either uncommon or rare. Annuals comprise 5.6% of all native dicotyledon herbs and 49% of the naturalised dicotyledon herbs. The history of the study area, public use, introduced animals, and tectonic events, particularly the earthquake-induced landslides of the mid-nineteenth century, are outlined and discussed in relation to the native and adventive flora. Exotic herbivores, especially possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), have greatly reduced the abundance of some plants which were common 30 years ago, including Alectryon excelsus, Fuchsia excorticata. Coriaria arborea, and Pseudopanax arboreus. Some other species, although probably never common, have been orought to the verge of extinction. Naturalised plants -especially daisies and grasses -have been able to colonise extensive open habitats created by earthquake slipping in 1855, and the reactivated terraces and river flood plain. If current selection pressures continue, it is predicted that other species such as Metrosideros robusta. Weinmannia racemosa, and Sphaeropteris medullaris will become rare, at least in lowland forest. Spread of Pinus radiata into mid-altitude communities will accelerate as exotic forests to windward mature.

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“…El matorral de chilco está presente sólo en las islas Guamblin e Ipún. Puesto que estos matorrales han sido descritos como estados secundarios de la dinámica de degradación-regeneración del bosque (Amigo et al 2007), posiblemente indican efectos de tala y quema del bosque, sin embargo no se puede descartar efectos naturales como la fuerte dinámica tectónica en estas latitudes (Fuenzalida 1978, Veblen & Ashton 1978.…”

Section: Formaciones Vegetales Y La Biodiversidad Ecológicaunclassified

Diversidad Florística, Vegetacional Y De Hábitats en El Archipiélago De Los Chonos: (Región De Aisén, Chile)

Álvarez

Martín

Novoa

et al. 2010

Anales Instituto Patagonia (Chile)

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RESUMENSe compararon la flora y la vegetación de las islas Guamblin, Ipún, Stokes y Kent pertenecientes a la Reserva Nacional "Las Guaitecas" del Archipiélago de Los Chonos en la Patagonia insular chilena. Estas son islas deshabitadas, expuestas al Pacífico y a los vientos del oeste, cubiertas de bosques siempreverdes con depresiones turbosas esfagnosas con Sphagnum magellanicum y turberas pulvinadas con Donatia fascicularis en los montes. Debido a hundimientos o levantamientos de terreno durante los sismos del año 1960, algunas presentan playas de arena con variados hábitats además de plataformas rocosas colonizadas por arbustos. Las diferencias florísticas entre ellas están condicionadas tanto por el sustrato rocoso subyacente como por su relieve.Palabras clave: Similitud florística, vegetación, islas, Patagonia Chilena ABSTRACT We compared the flora and vegetation of the islands Guamblin, Ipún, Stokes and Kent belonging to the National Reserve "Las Guaitecas" in the Chonos Archipelago (Chilean Patagonia). These islands are inhabited and exposed to the Pacific and the West winds, covered with evergreen forest, Sphagnum magellanicum-bogs in depressions and cushion bogs with Donatia fascicularis in the highlands. Due to subsidence or ground surveys during the earthquakes of 1960, some of them have sandy beaches with several habitats and rocky plateaus colonized by shrubs. The floristic differences between the islands are principally determined by their differences on the type of bed-rock and their relief.

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Catastrophic influences on the vegetation of the Valdivian Andes, Chile

Cited by 241 publications

References 20 publications

Forest dynamics in Westland, New Zealand: the importance of large, infrequent earthquake-induced disturbance

Forest dynamics in Westland, New Zealand: the importance of large, infrequent earthquake-induced disturbance

The vascular flora of the DSIR study area lower Orongorongo Valley, Wellington, New Zealand

Diversidad Florística, Vegetacional Y De Hábitats en El Archipiélago De Los Chonos: (Región De Aisén, Chile)

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