Catatonia in depression: prevalence, clinical correlates, and validation of a scale.

Abstract

Objectives-To examine the clinical correlates of catatonia in depression, to validate a scale for catatonia, and to assess the validity of the DSM-IV criteria of the catatonic features specifier for mood disorders.

Cognitive and neurological impairment in mood disorders

“…As many as 20% of depressed patients have been reported to show signs of catatonia [65]. Symptoms of retarded catatonia may be characterized by profound disorders of movement, such as akinesia (lack of movement), bradykinesia (slowed movement), Parkinsonism, stupor, and tics.…”

“…In a comparison study of a consecutive series of catatonic depressed patients, noncatatonic depressed patients, and nondepressed patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD), catatonic depressed patients were found to be older, have a higher degree of cognitive impairment, and present more signs of depression compared with either of the other two patient groups [65]. Twenty-one percent of the noncatatonic depressed group consisted of patients with dysthymia (prolonged depressed mood without a full-fledged major depressive episode), while there were no dysthymic patients included in the catatonic group.…”

Catatonia in Patients with Autism: Prevalence and Management

“…The clinical picture is dominated by at least three of the following to be a specifier for depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorder, as a separate diagnosis in the context of another medical condition, or as another specified diagnosis Rogers Scale (MRS) [67], which rates abnormalities in movement, volition, speech, and overall behaviors, and permits the distinction between extrapyramidal side effects and catatonic signs; (iii) the Northoff Catatonia Rating Scale (NCRS) [68], a 40-item scale for three different categories of catatonic symptoms (i.e. motor, behavioral, and affective); (iv) the Braunig Catatonia Rating Scale (BCRS) [66], a 21-item scale with a possible score from 0 to 4; (v) the Kanner Scale [68], which assesses catatonic signs in neuropsychiatric disorders.…”

Rapid Relief of Catatonia in Mood Disorder by Lorazepam and Diazepam

“…[25] The risk factors for catatonia in depression are increasing age, higher frequency of major depressive episodes, more severe impairment in cognitive function and daily activity. [26] In this study, we had no data of non-catatonia patients in MDD to investigate the age distribution between catatonia and non-catatonia groups. But while comparing the differences in response rate to lorazepam IMI in catatonic patients with MDD, the median age of patients who responded to two doses of 2 mg lorazepam IMI was older than those who responded to one dose.…”