Catch-up growth in Malawian babies, a longitudinal study of normal and low birthweight babies born in a malarious endemic area

Kalanda, Boniface; Buuren, Stef van; Verhoeff, Francine H.; Brabin, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.06.006

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The proportion of low birthweight infants was similar for infants in the early or late categories. A separate analysis of growth patterns of normal and low birthweight infants in this cohort showed that low birthweight babies remained shorter and lighter during infancy than their normal birthweight counterparts (Kalanda et al, 2005). Growth percentiles were parallel through infancy with no increased fall-off in low birthweight babies at the average age of introduction of complementary foods.…”

Section: Mean W/a Z-scorementioning

confidence: 73%

Breast and complementary feeding practices in relation to morbidity and growth in Malawian infants

2005

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Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare growth, morbidity incidence and risk factors for undernutrition between infants receiving complementary feeding early, before 3 months of age, with those receiving complementary foods after 3 months in a poor rural Malawian community. Methods: A cohort of babies was enrolled at birth for follow-up to 12 months of age. Weight, length, morbidity and feeding patterns were recorded at 4 weekly intervals from birth to 52 weeks. Results: Mean age at introduction of water was 2.5 months (range 0-11.8), complementary foods 3.4 months (range, 1.0-10.7) and solids 4.5 months (range 1.2-13.8). Over 40% of infants had received complementary foods by 2 months and 65% by 3 months. The proportion of exclusively breast-fed infants, which included those receiving supplemental water, was 13% at 4 months, 6.3% at 5 months and 1.5% at 6 months. Infants with early complementary feeding had lower weight for age at 3 and 6 months (Po0.05), and at 9 months (P ¼ 0.07) and at 2 months they were approximately 200 g lighter. Early complementary feeding was significantly associated with increased risk for respiratory infection (Po0.05), and marginally increased risk for eye infection and episodes of malaria. Maternal illiteracy was associated with early complementary feeding (OR ¼ 2.1, 95% CI 1.3, 3.2), while later complementary feeding was associated with reduced infant morbidity and improved growth. Conclusion: Breast-feeding promotion programmes should target illiterate women. Greater emphasis is required to improve complementary feeding practices.

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Section: Mean W/a Z-scorementioning

confidence: 73%

Breast and complementary feeding practices in relation to morbidity and growth in Malawian infants

2005

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“…Nevertheless, we have identified studies, both from Guatemala and in the international literature, with which to compare the present findings. Birth length is often part of protocols in long-term cohort studies bridging from birth through childhood and towards adulthood (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45) or short-term, longitudinal observational studies seeking to find correlates of early growth or health (46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53) . More recently, length is measured at birth as part of studies evaluating inter-pregnancy interventions in (4) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stunting at birth: recognition of early-life linear growth failure in the western highlands of Guatemala

Solomons¹,

Vossenaar²,

Chomat

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Measurements of length at birth, or in the neonatal period, are challenging to obtain and often discounted for lack of validity. Hence, classical 'under-5' stunting rates have been derived from surveys on children from 6 to 59 months of age. Guatemala has a high prevalence of stunting (49·8 %), but the age of onset of growth failure is not clearly defined. The objective of the study was to assess length-for-age within the first 1·5 months of life among Guatemalan infants. Design: As part of a cross-sectional observational study, supine length was measured in young infants. Mothers' height was measured. Length-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) were generated and stunting was defined as HAZ < − 2 using WHO growth standards. Setting: Eight rural, indigenous Mam-Mayan villages (n 200, 100 % of Mayan indigenous origin) and an urban clinic of Quetzaltenango (n 106, 27 % of Mayan indigenous origin), Guatemala. Subjects: Three hundred and six newborns with a median age of 19 d. Results: The median rural HAZ was − 1·56 and prevalence of stunting was 38 %; the respective urban values were − 1·41 and 25 %. Linear regression revealed no relationship between infant age and HAZ (r = 0·101, r 2 = 0·010, P = 0·077). Maternal height explained 3 % of the variability in HAZ (r = 0·171, r 2 = 0·029, P = 0·003). Conclusions: Stunting must be carried over from in utero growth retardation in short-stature Guatemalan mothers. As linear growth failure in this setting begins in utero, its prevention must be linked to maternal care strategies during gestation, or even before. A focus on maternal nutrition and health in an intergenerational dimension is needed to reduce its prevalence.

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“…In a Malawian study, placental or peripheral infection at delivery was an independent risk factor for slow growth, poor weight gain and failure to thrive in the first year of life. 27 . ............................................................................................................................................... Congenital malaria affects 0.3% of infants of infected mothers in immune areas and 1-4% of infants from non-immune areas.…”

Section: Effects Of Malaria On Fetal and Neonatal Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in pregnancy

Soma-Pillay

Macdonald

2012

Obstet Med

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Summary: Malaria is a complex parasitic disease affecting about 32 million pregnancies each year in sub-Saharan Africa. Pregnant women are especially susceptible to malarial infection and have the risk of developing severe disease and birth complications. The target of Millennium Development Goal 6 is to end malaria deaths by 2015. Maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality due to malaria may be reduced by implementing preventive measures, early diagnosis of suspected cases, effective antimalarial therapy and treatment of complications.

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Catch-up growth in Malawian babies, a longitudinal study of normal and low birthweight babies born in a malarious endemic area

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

Breast and complementary feeding practices in relation to morbidity and growth in Malawian infants

Breast and complementary feeding practices in relation to morbidity and growth in Malawian infants

Stunting at birth: recognition of early-life linear growth failure in the western highlands of Guatemala

Malaria in pregnancy

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