Catechin and epicatechin as an adjuvant in the therapy of hemostasis disorders induced by snake venoms

Abstract

Snake toxins, such as phospholipases A 2 and proteases, are used as research tools to evaluate biological activities and to understand physiopathological processes of natural compounds better. In the present study, the phenolic compounds catechin and epicatechin were incubated with snake venoms to evaluate their inhibition against different substrates. Catechin and epicatechin exerted inhibitions between 20% and 95% on the activity of phospholipases A 2 present in the venom of Bothrops alternatus. In the hemolytic activity, catechin exerted inhibitions between 20% and 25% in all proportions evaluated on the B. jararacussu venom, whereas epicatechin inhibited 20% of the venom activity. Coagulation induced by B. atrox and B. jararacussu venoms was significantly inhibited by catechin and epicatechin, where the time for coagulation was two to three times higher after previous incubation of the venoms with the compounds. The most significant inhibitions for the proteolytic activity on casein were 17% and 27%, respectively, by both compounds. Catechin inhibited serine protease activity induced by B. atrox venom by 64% and epicatechin by 65%. Regarding B. atrox-induced thrombolysis, catechin exerted 40% inhibition and epicatechin around 30%. The fibrinogen proteolysis was completely inhibited by catechin acting on the B. atrox venom in the proportion of 1:1 and by epicatechin on B. jararacussu venom. Catechin and epicatechin showed promising inhibitory action on proteases and phospholipases A 2. Therefore, these compounds can be explored as an adjuvant for serum therapy or pharmaceutical purposes, once they act on homologous enzymes that are present in humans.

In Vitro and In Silico Activities of E. radiata and E. cinerea as an Enhancer of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Agents

“…EA has been reported to be effective against various pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and parasites [63], and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [64]. Polyphenols such as ellagic acid and epicatechin interact with proteins primarily through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds via their aromatic and phenolic nuclei [65], consistent with our findings (Table 3). α-Terpineol also exhibited antibacterial properties [66,67], demonstrating in vitro activity against P. slundensis, E. coli, and S. aureus, while 1,8-cineol only demonstrated activity against E. coli [68].…”

Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC extracts acting as enzyme modulators: digestion, inflammation, and hemostasis

“…(19)(20) These compounds have also been investigated as powerful enzyme inhibitors on the toxic and/or pharmacological effects induced by snake venoms. (21)(22) Among the phenolic compounds, flavonoids have a high medical-scientific interest because of their anti-inflammatory and hypocholesterolemic properties. Thus, they have the ability to inhibit specific enzymes, stimulate certain hormones and neurotransmitters, and attack free radicals.…”

Supplementation of dietary areca nut extract modulates the growth performance, cecal microbiota composition, and immune function in Wenchang chickens

“…In addition, the primary component, arecoline, is responsible for the anti-parasitic, anti-depressive, and anti-fatigue properties of areca nut (8,9). Furthermore, areca nut consumption can also enhance gastrointestinal motility (10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”