Catecholamine metabolism in affective disorders—III

Greenspan, Kenneth; Schildkraut, Joseph J.; Gordon, Edna K.; Baer, Leslie; Aronoff, Michael S.; Durell, Jack

doi:10.1016/0022-3956(70)90004-x

Cited by 204 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Uncomplicated bipolar disorder has high impulsivity as measured by questionnaires (Swann et al, 2009a) even when behavior and affective state are relatively stable (Swann et al, 2001). Non-manic patients with bipolar disorder appear to have normal baseline NE function (Swann et al, 1987;Greenspan et al, 1970) but have exaggerated behavioral reactions to NE (Price et al, 1984). The data in Table 2 are consistent with a compensatory response in bipolar disorder where potential impulsivity is counteracted by slowing of responses and a more conservative response bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interacting mechanisms of impulsivity in bipolar disorder and antisocial personality disorder

Swann

Lijffijt

Lane

et al. 2011

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Background Bipolar disorder and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) overlap in clinical characteristics and behavioral consequences. Impulsivity is prominent in both, but there is little information on how specific mechanisms of impulsivity differentiate, bridge, or underlie the disorders. Methods Subjects, all males, were controls (n=46), bipolar disorder without cluster B personality disorder (n=21), ASPD without bipolar disorder (n=50), and bipolar disorder with ASPD (n=16). Impulsivity measures were the Immediate Memory Task (IMT), a continuous performance test of response inhibition measuring ability to evaluate a stimulus before responding, and the Two Choice Impulsivity Paradigm (TCIP), a choice between smaller-sooner and larger-later reward. Data were analyzed using general linear models analysis. Results Subjects with bipolar disorder had fewer IMT correct detections and slower reaction times than controls. Reaction times were faster with combined diagnoses than in bipolar disorder alone. TCIP responding in either diagnosis alone resembled controls, but was more impulsive in combined disorders. These differences persisted after correction for age and education, which had significant independent effects. In combined ASPD and bipolar disorder, increased reaction speed, impulsive response bias, and reward-delay impulsivity occurred independent of substance-use disorder history. Conclusions Impulsivity was increased in the combined disorders over either disorder alone. Results were consistent with at least partially distinct mechanisms of impulsivity in ASPD and bipolar disorder. Compensatory mechanisms for impulsivity in uncomplicated ASPD or bipolar disorder appear to be compromised or lost when the disorders are combined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interacting mechanisms of impulsivity in bipolar disorder and antisocial personality disorder

Swann

Lijffijt

Lane

et al. 2011

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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“…The earlier studies on the efficacy of lithium against bipolar depression provided some positive data but are difficult to interpret (Goodwin et al, 1969, 1972; Greenspan et al, 1970; Stokes et al, 1971; Noyes and Dempsey, 1974; Noyes et al, 1974; Baron et al, 1975; Mendels, 1976; Donnelly et al, 1978; Srisurapanont et al, 1995). There is only one modern and rigorously conducted RCT (EMBOLDEN I) and it was negative for lithium while positive for quetiapine.…”

Section: Efficacy Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The International College of Neuro-Psychopharmacology (CINP) Treatment Guidelines for Bipolar Disorder in Adults (CINP-BD-2017), Part 2: Review, Grading of the Evidence, and a Precise Algorithm

Fountoulakis

Yatham

Grunze

et al. 2016

IJNPPY

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Background:The current paper includes a systematic search of the literature, a detailed presentation of the results, and a grading of treatment options in terms of efficacy and tolerability/safety.Material and Methods:The PRISMA method was used in the literature search with the combination of the words ‘bipolar,’ ‘manic,’ ‘mania,’ ‘manic depression,’ and ‘manic depressive’ with ‘randomized,’ and ‘algorithms’ with ‘mania,’ ‘manic,’ ‘bipolar,’ ‘manic-depressive,’ or ‘manic depression.’ Relevant web pages and review articles were also reviewed.Results:The current report is based on the analysis of 57 guideline papers and 531 published papers related to RCTs, reviews, posthoc, or meta-analysis papers to March 25, 2016. The specific treatment options for acute mania, mixed episodes, acute bipolar depression, maintenance phase, psychotic and mixed features, anxiety, and rapid cycling were evaluated with regards to efficacy. Existing treatment guidelines were also reviewed. Finally, Tables reflecting efficacy and recommendation levels were created that led to the development of a precise algorithm that still has to prove its feasibility in everyday clinical practice.Conclusions:A systematic literature search was conducted on the pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder to identify all relevant random controlled trials pertaining to all aspects of bipolar disorder and graded the data according to a predetermined method to develop a precise treatment algorithm for management of various phases of bipolar disorder. It is important to note that the some of the recommendations in the treatment algorithm were based on the secondary outcome data from posthoc analyses.

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“…The subjects were heal th y, and on ly a sing le dose of lithium carbonate was adminis ter ed . Also , the blood-brain barrier restricts the passag e of no rep inep hrine from the bra i n and , for the most par t , this amine must be deaminated before leaving the brain ( 8 ). Most urinary norep inephrine , therefore , may be ass umed to deriv e from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system ra ther than the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%