Catecholamine Metabolism in Man After Spinal Cord Injury

Naftchi, N. E.; Demeny, Margaret; Sell, G.; Lowman, Edward W.; Tuckman, John

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-023768-8.52136-8

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Interestingly, the dysfunction of mineral metabolism such as hypercalciuria, which occurs at the acute phase of cord injury, seems to parallel and perhaps produce the peak incidence of stone formation. 19 During the ®rst year post injury, when immobilization hypercalciuria is a concern, an increased risk of kidney stones in men, Caucasians, and people between 40 and 60 years of age is consistent with ®ndings in the general population, 15,16,20 where calcium stones are predominant. 21 The dierential urinary excretion of calcium as a result of variation in hormones (such as testosterone) with age and gender has been hypothesized to account for the observed risk dierence in the general population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…19 The null relation between kidney stones and bladder management observed at this risk period is probably to some extent attributed to the fact that the majority of initially hospitalized SCI patients underwent intermittent catheterization, had better bladder care, or both. It might also suggest that there is no direct relation between type of urinary drainage and kidney stones that largely result from immobilization hypercalciuria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current trend and risk factors for kidney stones in persons with spinal cord injury: a longitudinal study

2000

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Study design: A multi-center longitudinal study. Objectives: To estimate the current trend in the incidence of ®rst kidney stone among persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to delineate the potential contributing factors. Setting: Twenty-one Model SCI Care Systems throughout the United States. Methods: A longitudinal cohort of 8314 subjects enrolled in the National SCI Database between 1986 and 1999 was used to estimate and compare the incidence of ®rst kidney stone with a previous report of 5850 SCI patients injured between 1973 and1982. A Cox regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for stones, including age, race, gender, severity of injury, and method of urinary drainage. These variables have been routinely collected, on a yearly basis, by the collaborating SCI centers. Results: During the 12 years, 6 months of case ascertainment, 286 incident stone cases were documented. The risk was greatest during the ®rst 3 months after injury (31 cases per 1000 person-years), quickly decreasing and leveling o later (eight cases per 1000 person-years). It was estimated that within 10 years after injury, 7% of persons with SCI would develop their ®rst kidney stone. There was no evidence that the risk has changed over the past 25 years (P=0.96). During the ®rst year post injury only, a signi®cantly increased risk of stones was observed in Caucasians and persons aged 45 years or older. A positive association of the severity of injury and requiring instrumentation for bladder emptying with kidney stones was found after the ®rst year post injury. The type of urinary drainage, including indwelling, intermittent, and condom catheterization, had no signi®cant dierential eect on stone formation at either risk period. Conclusions: The highest risk of kidney stones is within the ®rst few months post injury. Little progress has been made in reducing this risk. Although inability to control bladder function is an important risk factor after the ®rst year post injury, for those who need bladder management, the type of urinary drainage does not appear to be an important factor in determining risk. Spinal Cord (2000) 38, 346 ± 353

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current trend and risk factors for kidney stones in persons with spinal cord injury: a longitudinal study

2000

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“…5 This initial phase of stone formation is most likely due to early demineralisation of the bones of the lower limbs, leading to so called 'immobilisation hypercalciuria'. 6 The second phase of stone formation is more chronic and usually related to infection with urease-producing bacteria.…”

Section: Aetiology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-based management of upper tract urolithiasis in the spinal cord-injured patient

Ramsey

McIlhenny

2011

Spinal Cord

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Objective: The objective is to review the published literature on the aetiology and evidence-based management of stone disease in the spinal cord-injured patient. Methods: A PubMed and Medline search was performed using the terms 'spinal cord injury', 'paraplegia', 'stone', 'nephrolithiasis', 'urolithiasis', 'calculus', 'spinal cord injury' or 'paraplegia' with 'SWL', 'ureteroscopy', 'chemolysis' and 'PCNL.' The Cochrane database, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence guidelines and the Scottish Intercollegiate guidelines were searched using the terms 'spinal cord injury' and 'urolithiasis' and 'nephrolithiasis'. Results: A total of 32 papers were identified, mainly case series or case-cohort studies with few contemporary papers. The risk of developing a renal stone after spinal cord injury (SCI) is between 7 and 20% over a period of 8-10 years. Stone formation may be related to early demineralisation of bone or chronic infection. Biochemical abnormalities are not significantly different between stone-forming and non-stone forming patients, though these patients differ from healthy controls. Presentation may be atypical, but is most commonly recurrent urinary tract infection. Treatment may be complicated by lower limb contractures limiting retrograde access. Several case series report success with shock wave lithotripsy varying from 50 to 70%, though comparisons are limited by heterogeneous indications and reporting. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy remains the gold standard for stones measuring 2 cm and above. Stone-free rates of 90% have been reported, though surgery was often complex with higher complication rates. Conclusion: Management of upper urinary tract stones in patients with SCI is complex regarding surgical technique, post-operative care and recurrence rates. Further contemporary case series must use standardised reporting tools to allow valid comparisons.Spinal Cord (2011) 49, 948-954;

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“…The increased incidence in older children and adolescents is related to the rapid bone turnover that accompanies growth, whereas that in males is possibly because of their greater bone mass compared to females [3,6]. This disorder is more common in patients with quadriplegia than it is in persons with paraplegia [7]. In the elderly population, IH is usually a sequela of cerebrovascular accident [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Cause of Hypercalcemia: Immobilization A Case Report and Literature Review

Elbüken¹,

Yazıcıoğlu²,

Öztürk³

et al. 2015

Med-Science

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Catecholamine Metabolism in Man After Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 10 publications

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Current trend and risk factors for kidney stones in persons with spinal cord injury: a longitudinal study

Current trend and risk factors for kidney stones in persons with spinal cord injury: a longitudinal study

Evidence-based management of upper tract urolithiasis in the spinal cord-injured patient

A Rare Cause of Hypercalcemia: Immobilization A Case Report and Literature Review

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Catecholamine Metabolism in Man After Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Current trend and risk factors for kidney stones in persons with spinal cord injury: a longitudinal study

Current trend and risk factors for kidney stones in persons with spinal cord injury: a longitudinal study

Evidence-based management of upper tract urolithiasis in the spinal cord-injured patient

A Rare Cause of Hypercalcemia: &#147;Immobilization&#148; A Case Report and Literature Review

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A Rare Cause of Hypercalcemia: Immobilization A Case Report and Literature Review