Catecholamines in head and body blood of eels and rats

Epple, August; Vogel, Wolfgang; Nibbio, Barbara

doi:10.1016/0306-4492(82)90020-x

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The primary circulating catecholamines in fish are adrenaline and noradrenaline with only a few studies having measured levels of circulating dopamine [42,78,79,115]. A variety of studies have demonstrated that adrenaline and noradrenaline are stored, at least in part, in separate populations of chromaffin cells.…”

Section: Different Chromaffin Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adrenergic stress response in fish: control of catecholamine storage and release

Reid

Bernier

Perry

1998

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, T

243

191

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In fish, the catecholamine hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline are released into the circulation, from chromaffin cells, during numerous 'stressful' situations. The physiological and biochemical actions of these hormones (the efferent adrenergic response) have been the focus of numerous investigations over the past several decades. However, until recently, few studies have examined aspects involved in controlling/modulating catecholamine storage and release in fish. This review provides a detailed account of the afferent limb of the adrenergic response in fish, from the biosynthesis of catecholamines to the exocytotic release of these hormones from the chromaffin cells. The emphasis is on three particular topics: (1) catecholamine biosynthesis and storage within the chromaffin cells including the different types of chromaffin cells and their varying arrangement amongst species; (2) situations eliciting the secretion of catecholamines (e.g. hypoxia, hypercapnia, chasing); (3) cholinergic and non-cholinergic (i.e. serotonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, angiotensin, adenosine) control of catecholamine secretion. As such, this review will demonstrate that the control of catecholamine storage and release in fish chromaffin cells is a complex processes involving regulation via numerous hormones, neurotransmitters and second messenger systems.

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Section: Different Chromaffin Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adrenergic stress response in fish: control of catecholamine storage and release

Reid

Bernier

Perry

1998

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, T

243

191

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The body weight (usually 200-500 g) varied depending on the amount of blood needed to be withdrawn. The techniques of cardiac cannulation, anesthesia, maintenance and sacrifice have been described (Epple et al 1982;Epple and Kahn 1985); recently, we replaced the anesthetic tricaine methanesulphonate ('Finquel') with ethyl carbamate (urethane). Hypophysectomy was carried out by a minor modification of the technique of Hirano et al 1967).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These observations indicated that (a) the head (in all likelihood, the brain) releases considerable quantities of DA and NE into the circulation, while (b) the bulk of plasma E is derived mainly from extraencephalic sources. On the other hand, the situation after 40 min of anesthesia left little doubt that the brain can also release large quantities of E under certain conditions (Epple et al 1982).…”

Section: Origins Of Plasma Catecholaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An initial experiment was designed to identify the speed of the CA responses to stress. Cardiac-cannulated eels were kept for 5-6 days after surgery in specially designed 'eel tubes', before they were poked for less than 10 sec with a glass rod (Epple et al 1982). Unexpectedly, the plasma levels of all three CAs dropped within 5-10 min after the disturbance.…”

Section: Functional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We collected data after several types of interventions: acute surgical stress, chronic postsurgical stress, hemorrhage, anesthesia, temporary removal from the container (Epple et al 1982;Epple and Nibbio 1985;Hathaway and Epple 1986;A. Epple et al unpublished).…”

Section: Functional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circulatory catecholamines in the eel: origins and functions

Epple

Hathaway

Nibbio

1989

Fish Physiol Biochem

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While the three catecholamines (CAs) dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E), are wide-spread in tissues of the American eel (Anguilla rostrata), the bulk of these CAs in the systemic blood originates from chromaffin cells in the wall of the posterior cardinal veins. In addition, the brain and unidentified structures in the opisthonephric kidney also release appreciable quantities of CAs. The functional realms attributed to systematically circulating CAs in teleosts comprise cardiovascular, respiratory, osmoregulatory, metabolic and endocrinotropic actions. In the eel, cardiovascular and respiratory effects are well established. However, we were unable to prove a physiological role of the CAs in osmoregulation. On the other hand, the eel is the only species among five vertebrates of greatly varying phylogenetic position (the others: hagfish, lamprey, rat, human) in which physiological doses of E were hyperglycemic. As in lamprey and rat, DA and NE are released in the eel by physiological doses of E. In addition, DA and NE also release the respective other two CAs. The physiological significance of the catecholaminotropic (CA-tropic) interactions remains to be established; however, the CA-tropic effect of E does not require the presence of the brain or 'preganglionic' nerve cells. In the eel, mild stress causes an immediate 'unorthodox' drop of plasma CAs, while stronger stress is followed by the expected increase of plasma CAs.

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Catecholamine release by catecholamines in the eel does not require the presence of brain or anterior spinal cord

1989

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The catecholamine-producing chromaffin cells of the American eel are strongly innervated by fibers, which, by ultrastructural criteria, seem to be cholinergic. However, neither removal of the brain nor removal of the brain combined with extirpation of the anterior spinal cord prevents the release of catecholamines into the circulation by catecholamines. It appears that the chromaffin cells are controlled by both nervous and humoral stimuli, and that at least some of the latter do not require the presence of "preganglionic" innervation.

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Catecholamines in head and body blood of eels and rats

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

The adrenergic stress response in fish: control of catecholamine storage and release

The adrenergic stress response in fish: control of catecholamine storage and release

Circulatory catecholamines in the eel: origins and functions

Catecholamine release by catecholamines in the eel does not require the presence of brain or anterior spinal cord

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