Category-dependent and category-independent goal-value codes in human ventromedial prefrontal cortex

McNamee, Daniel; Rangel, Antonio; O’Doherty, John P.

doi:10.1038/nn.3337

Cited by 196 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…However, it is negatively coupled with the lateral FP (FPl) cortex, ACC, and midinferior parietal lobule (IPL). A similar coupling pattern was seen when we took a coordinate from a food valuation task reported by McNamee et al (28). A coupling pattern very similar to this was found in the monkey on the medial gyrus rectus near area 14m, as defined by Mackey and Petrides (31).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…factors affecting valuation, such as delay (27), indicating a "common currency" value representation. However, other studies have hinted at a posterior-to-anterior gradient of increasing abstractness in value representation (28). Here we show that this diversity of activity patterns is a consequence of the existence of several distinct component regions within the human vmPFC that can each be linked to different regions in the macaque.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 51%

“…We next examined the coupling pattern associated with a more anterior vmPFC region implicated especially in representing values of abstract goods and choices (28) (Fig. 2B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Connectivity reveals relationship of brain areas for reward-guided learning and decision making in human and monkey frontal cortex

Neubert

Mars

Sallet

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

359

388

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Reward-guided decision-making depends on a network of brain regions. Among these are the orbitofrontal and the anterior cingulate cortex. However, it is difficult to ascertain if these areas constitute anatomical and functional unities, and how these areas correspond between monkeys and humans. To address these questions we looked at connectivity profiles of these areas using resting-state functional MRI in 38 humans and 25 macaque monkeys. We sought brain regions in the macaque that resembled 10 human areas identified with decision making and brain regions in the human that resembled six macaque areas identified with decision making. We also used diffusion-weighted MRI to delineate key human orbital and medial frontal brain regions. We identified 21 different regions, many of which could be linked to particular aspects of reward-guided learning, valuation, and decision making, and in many cases we identified areas in the macaque with similar coupling profiles.orbitofrontal cortex | anterior cingulate cortex | decision making | resting state functional connectivity | comparative anatomy A s humans we make decisions by taking into account different types of information, weighing our options carefully, and eventually coming to a conclusion. We then learn from witnessing the outcome of our decisions. Human functional MRI (fMRI) has had a major impact on elucidating the neural networks mediating decision making and learning, but key insights can only be obtained in neural recording, stimulation, and focal lesion studies conducted in animal models, such as the macaque. Combining insights from human fMRI and animal studies is, however, not straightforward because there is uncertainty about basic issues, such as anatomical and functional correspondences between species (1). For example, although there are many reports of decision value-related activity in the human ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) (2, 3), it is unclear whether they can be related to reports of reward-related activity either on the ventromedial surface of the frontal lobe (4, 5), in the adjacent medial orbitofrontal sulcus (6), or indeed to any macaque brain area. It is claimed that some areas implicated in rewardguided decision making and learning, such as parts of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), are not found in macaques (7), but such theories have never been formally tested.In addition, there is uncertainty about the basic constituent components of decision-making and learning circuits. To return to the example of the vmPFC, although this region is often contrasted with similarly large subdivisions of the frontal cortex, such as the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) and ACC (8), it is unclear whether, and if so how, it should be decomposed into further subdivisions. Moreover, there are sometimes fundamental disagreements about how brain areas contribute to decision making and learning. For example, it has been claimed both that the ACC does (9-11) and does not (12) contribute to reward-based decision making and that it is concerned with dist...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 51%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Connectivity reveals relationship of brain areas for reward-guided learning and decision making in human and monkey frontal cortex

Neubert

Mars

Sallet

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

359

388

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Therefore, our finding cannot be explained by cognitive processes that merely reflect learned market prices. Further, in contrast to previous studies on commonscale representation of value (Levy and Glimcher, 2011;McNamee et al, 2013), we refrain from using any type of monetary valuation task. It is thus unlikely that the similarity of value signals we observe across different categories is artificially caused by a task that encourages subjects to evaluate items in a common reference frame, such as monetary value or a Likert scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line with the hypothesis of a common scale of subjective value, human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have observed an overlap of value-related signals in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) for different types of reward, such as consumer goods, monetary rewards, and also social rewards (Chib et al, 2009;FitzGerald et al, 2009;Lebreton et al, 2009;Smith et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2011;Levy and Glimcher, 2011;Lin et al, 2012). Further, it has been demonstrated that value signals for money and food options do not only spatially overlap, but that equally preferred money and food options elicit comparable BOLD responses in the mPFC both univariately (Levy and Glimcher, 2011) and multivariately (McNamee et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value Signals in the Prefrontal Cortex Predict Individual Preferences across Reward Categories

et al. 2014

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Humans can choose between fundamentally different options, such as watching a movie or going out for dinner. According to the utility concept, put forward by utilitarian philosophers and widely used in economics, this may be accomplished by mapping the value of different options onto a common scale, independent of specific option characteristics (Fehr and Rangel, 2011; Levy and Glimcher, 2012). If this is the case, value-related activity patterns in the brain should allow predictions of individual preferences across fundamentally different reward categories. We analyze fMRI data of the prefrontal cortex while subjects imagine the pleasure they would derive from items belonging to two distinct reward categories: engaging activities (like going out for drinks, daydreaming, or doing sports) and snack foods. Support vector machines trained on brain patterns related to one category reliably predict individual preferences of the other category and vice versa. Further, we predict preferences across participants. These findings demonstrate that prefrontal cortex value signals follow a common scale representation of value that is even comparable across individuals and could, in principle, be used to predict choice.

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Distinct neural correlates of the preference-related valuation of supraliminally and subliminally presented faces

et al. 2015

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Recent neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural substrates involved in the valuation of supraliminally presented targets and the subsequent preference decisions. However, the neural mechanisms of the valuation of subliminally presented targets, which can guide subsequent preference decisions, remain to be explored. In the present study, we determined whether the neural systems associated with the valuation of supraliminally presented faces are involved in the valuation of subliminally presented faces. The subjects were supraliminally and subliminally presented with faces during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Following fMRI, the subjects were presented with pairs of faces and were asked to choose which face they preferred. We analyzed brain activation by back-sorting the fMRI data according to the subjects' choices. The present study yielded two main findings. First, the ventral striatum and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex predict preferences only for supraliminally presented faces. Second, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex may predict preferences for subliminally presented faces. These findings indicate that neural correlates of the preference-related valuation of faces are dissociable, contingent upon whether the subjects consciously perceive the faces.

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Category-dependent and category-independent goal-value codes in human ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Cited by 196 publications

References 60 publications

Connectivity reveals relationship of brain areas for reward-guided learning and decision making in human and monkey frontal cortex

Connectivity reveals relationship of brain areas for reward-guided learning and decision making in human and monkey frontal cortex

Value Signals in the Prefrontal Cortex Predict Individual Preferences across Reward Categories

Distinct neural correlates of the preference-related valuation of supraliminally and subliminally presented faces

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