Category effects in color memory

Boynton, Robert M.; Fargo, Lee; Olson, Conrad X.; Smallman, Harvey S.

doi:10.1002/col.5080140505

Cited by 63 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…If Jameson and Hurvich's suggestion about color-eategory boundaries is taken into account, the discrepancy between daily experience, on the one hand, and the relatively poor performance of chromatic adaptation and lateral inhibition processes, on the other hand, may very well be due to the categorical character of object-color perception. Although the visual system is very sensitive to color differences and can discriminate a very large number of colors, colors are perceptually grouped into discrete categories (e.g., Bomstein, 1987;Boynton, Fargo, Olson, & Smallman, 1989;Uchikawa, Uchikawa, & Boynton, 1989). Consequently, color constancy should be studied in an identification task rather than in a matching task, which is more appropriate for discrimination phenomena.…”

Section: Constancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Naming versus matching in color constancy

Troost

Weert

1991

Perception & Psychophysics

141

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In this paper, a replication of the color-constancy study of Arend and Reeves (1986) is reported. and an alternative method is presented that can be used for the study of higher order aspects of color constancy, such as memory, familiarity, and perceptual organization. Besides a simultaneous presentation of standard and test illuminants, we also carried out an experiment in which the illuminants were presented successively. The results were similar to Arend and Reeves's; however, in the object-matching condition of the successive experiment, we found an overestimation, instead of an underestimation, of the illuminant component. Because the results of matching experiments are difficult to interpret, mainly due to their sensitivity to instruction effects, we introduced another type of color-constancy task. In this task, subjects simply named the color of a simulated patch. It was found that, by applying such a task, a reliable measure of the degree of identification of object color can be obtained.Color constancy is the phenomenon that the color appearance of objects is invariant, notwithstanding variations in illumination. In real-life situations, variations in illumination occur very often. For example, the spectral composition of daylight changes with the weather, the season, and the time of the day. The artificial lights in our environment have many different spectral characteristics as well. In all these cases, the visual system tends to perceive objects with constant colors.Color constancy poses a problem, because the object component and the illuminant component of the light that reaches the eye are not separately available to the observer. In recent attempts to model color constancy (e.g.,

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Section: Constancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Naming versus matching in color constancy

Troost

Weert

1991

Perception & Psychophysics

141

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“…The wavelength continuum of the spectrum is perceived as qualitatively different categories designated in English by terms such as red, green, yellow, and blue. Moreover, discrimination of stimuli separated by a category boundary is faster and more reliable than that of equivalently spaced within-category stimuli (e.g., Bornstein & Korda, 1984;Boynton, Fargo, Olson, & Smallman, 1989;.…”

Section: Cp Of Colormentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition of categorical color perception: A perceptual learning approach to the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Özgen

Davies

2002

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

153

142

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Color perception can be categorical: Between-category discriminations are more accurate than equivalent within-category discriminations. The effects could be inherited, learned, or both. The authors provide evidence that supports the possibility of learned categorical perception (CP). Experiment 1 demonstrated that observers' color discrimination is flexible and improves through repeated practice. Experiment 2 demonstrated that category learning simulates effects of "natural" color categories on color discrimination. Experiment 3 investigated the time course of acquired CP. Experiment 4 found that CP effects are acquired through hue-and lightness-based category learning and obtained interesting data on the dimensional perception of color. The data are consistent with the possibility that language may shape color perception and suggest a plausible mechanism for the linguistic relativity hypothesis.This article explores the nature and origin of color categorization by considering how categorical perception (CP; e.g., Harnad, 1987), linguistic relativity (e.g., Whorf, 1940Whorf, /1956, and perceptual learning (e.g., Goldstone, 1998) are related. These three areas of inquiry overlap because, first, differences in CP across languages are one manifestation of linguistic relativity (e.g., Kay & Kempton, 1984), and, second, perceptual learning is a likely route through which language influences color cognition, and more specifically through which CP is induced. Our experiments explored whether adult color discrimination can be improved through training and whether CP is induced by learning novel color categories. We argue that if they can be, then this increases the plausibility that similar mechanisms may be involved during language learning, giving rise to relativistic effects. Before explicating this sketch of our argument further, we briefly review each of the three areas.

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“…For example, Uchikawa and Shinoda (1986) reported that colors near category borders are remembered more precisely than focal colors are (see also Bornstein & Korda, 1984;Boynton et al, 1989;Roberson & Davidoff, 2000;Pilling et al, 2003). In contrast, Bartleson (1960) reported that focal colors are remembered better than boundary colors, and others reported that they are remembered more precisely (Heider, 1972).…”

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confidence: 99%

Why some colors appear more memorable than others: A model combining categories and particulars in color working memory.

Bae¹,

Olkkonen²,

Allred³

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

266

361

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Categorization with basic color terms is an intuitive and universal aspect of color perception. Yet research on visual working memory capacity has largely assumed that only continuous estimates within color space are relevant to memory. As a result, the influence of color categories on working memory remains unknown. We propose a dual content model of color representation in which color matches to objects that are either present (perception) or absent (memory) integrate category representations along with estimates of specific values on a continuous scale ("particulars"). We develop and test the model through 4 experiments. In a first experiment pair, participants reproduce a color target, both with and without a delay, using a recently influential estimation paradigm. In a second experiment pair, we use standard methods in color perception to identify boundary and focal colors in the stimulus set. The main results are that responses drawn from working memory are significantly biased away from category boundaries and toward category centers. Importantly, the same pattern of results is present without a memory delay. The proposed dual content model parsimoniously explains these results, and it should replace prevailing single content models in studies of visual working memory. More broadly, the model and the results demonstrate how the main consequence of visual working memory maintenance is the amplification of category related biases and stimulus-specific variability that originate in perception.

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Category effects in color memory

Cited by 63 publications

References 7 publications

Naming versus matching in color constancy

Naming versus matching in color constancy

Acquisition of categorical color perception: A perceptual learning approach to the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Why some colors appear more memorable than others: A model combining categories and particulars in color working memory.

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