Category labels versus feature labels: Category labels polarize inferential predictions

Yamauchi, Takashi; Yu, Na

doi:10.3758/mc.36.3.544

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Wagner, Holtz, and Kashima (2009) discuss the examples of members of the US Marine Corps, who discursively undergo a physical transformation of their essence after becoming a marine (in the sense of rhetorically becoming irreversibly a different kind of human being; once a marine -always a marine) as well as discourses on hereditary nobility in Europe. In fact, even nonsensical category labels such as 'zav' can induce essentialist thinking among children (Heyman & Gelman, 2000); among adults as well, arbitrary and nonsensical category labels could be shown to affect inductive processes very much like the supposed 'natural kind categories' such as gender and ethnicity that are most often studied in research on psychological essentialism (Yamauchi & Yu, 2008). Taking into account that even a vague reference to family members' ties to the PKI can have detrimental consequences for Indonesians as pointed out beforehand, it can be assumed that PKI-affiliation is to some degree an essentialized category in so far as the stigma of PKIaffiliation can apparently be transmitted across generations in the same way that bodily characteristics are passed on from parents to their offspring.…”

Section: Psychological Essentialismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive essentialization reduces prejudice: Reminding participants of a positive human nature alleviates the stigma of Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) descent

Putra

Holtz

Pitaloka

et al. 2018

J. Soc. Polit. Psych.

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This study aims to demonstrate and change negative perceptions of descendants of members of the Indonesian Communist Party (Partai Komunis Indonesia/PKI), a stigmatized social group in Indonesia. In Studies 1 and 2, participants were given positive descriptions of an adult (Study 1) and a child (Study 2), and were asked to evaluate them twice, before and after reading information about the target’s family background. In Study 1, targets were described either as descendants of PKI members, members of another Indonesian party or criminals. In Study 2, the target was presented as a descendant of PKI members, of members of another Indonesian party or without information on family background (control condition). The studies showed that whenever people were ‘revealed’ to be descendants of PKI members, the respondents’ judgments became more negative, and their assumptions about commonly shared views of these people became more negative as well. In Studies 3 and 4, participants were again given descriptions of an adult (Study 3) and a child (Study 4), which were both described as descendants of PKI members. Half of the participants were reminded afterwards with a written statement that every human is by nature good and unique (the experimental condition), while the other half did not get any additional information (control group). By making salient a shared and positively valued human ‘essence’, it was possible to alleviate the stigma that still is attached to PKI-affiliations in Indonesian society. We end the study with a discussion of our findings’ political and societal implications.

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Section: Psychological Essentialismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive essentialization reduces prejudice: Reminding participants of a positive human nature alleviates the stigma of Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) descent

Putra

Holtz

Pitaloka

et al. 2018

J. Soc. Polit. Psych.

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show abstract

“…In the studies examining the role of category labels in categorization (e.g., Gelman & Heyman, 1999;Yamauchi & Yu, 2008), the control to a category label has often been a property label, not the absence of a label. While property labels and descriptions of entities clearly lack the inferential potency of category labels, these results suggest that they still have some ability to promote role-governed categories (consistent with Yamauchi & Yu, 2008). Common labels invite comparison of the entities being labeled, promoting abstraction and generalization (Gentner, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Labeling the properties of entities has a smaller influence on category coherence, property projection, and forming abstractions than does labeling the entity (Gelman & Heyman, 1999;Yamauchi, 2005;Yamauchi & Yu, 2008).…”

Section: Factors That Promote Role-governed Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Category labels evoke a predisposition that category members will have qualities in common and that these qualities are interrelated and causally connected (Yamauchi, 2009). Labeling an entity's category increases the likelihood of attributing properties to that entity and increases the likelihood of projecting properties to and promoting abstraction across other entities given the same label (Yamauchi, 2005(Yamauchi, , 2009Yamauchi & Yu, 2008).…”

Section: Factors That Promote Role-governed Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We were interested in whether a novel category label would increase sensitivity to the rolegoverned match over a control condition in which we presented the novel label as an adjective, rather than as a noun. Because adjectives describe or label the properties of objects, they should not increase people's likelihood of making the role-governed match to the same degree (Gelman & Heyman, 1999;Yamauchi, 2005;Yamauchi & Yu, 2008).…”

Section: Factors That Promote Role-governed Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Categorizing entities by common role

Goldwater

Markman

2011

Psychon Bull Rev

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1a and 1b, we demonstrate that the use of novel category labels facilitates role-governed categorization. In Experiments 2a and 2b, we demonstrate that analogical comparison facilitates role-governed categorization. In Experiments 1b and 2b, we show that these facilitatory factors induce a general sensitivity to role information, as opposed to only promoting role-governed categorization on an item-by-item basis.

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Learning to Interpret Novel Noun-Noun Compounds: Evidence from Category Learning Experiments

Devereux

Costello

2012

Cognitive Aspects of Computational Language Acquisition

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The ability to correctly interpret and produce noun-noun compounds such as WIND FARM or CARBON TAX is an important part of the acquisition of language in various domains of discourse. One approach to the interpretation of noun-noun compounds assumes that people make use of distributional information about how the constituent words of compounds tend to combine; another assumes that people make use of information about the two constituent concepts' features to produce interpretations. We present an experiment that examines how people acquire both the distributional information and conceptual information relevant to compound interpretation. A plausible model of the interpretation process is also presented.

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Category labels versus feature labels: Category labels polarize inferential predictions

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

Positive essentialization reduces prejudice: Reminding participants of a positive human nature alleviates the stigma of Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) descent

Positive essentialization reduces prejudice: Reminding participants of a positive human nature alleviates the stigma of Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) descent

Categorizing entities by common role

Learning to Interpret Novel Noun-Noun Compounds: Evidence from Category Learning Experiments

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