Cathepsin L-like genes of Trypanosoma vivax from Africa and South America – characterization, relationships and diagnostic implications

Cortez, Alane Pereira; Rodrigues, Ana Carolina; García, Herakles A.; Neves, Luís; Batista, Jael Soares; Bengaly, Zacharia; Paiva, Fernando; Teixeira, Marta Maria Geraldes

doi:10.1016/j.mcp.2008.11.003

Cited by 103 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This showed a 177 bp amplified DNA fragment, which confirmed the diagnosis of T. vivax infection (CORTEZ et al, 2009). Analyses on CatL-amplified sequences indicated that there was high genetic similarity among T. vivax isolates from Northern, Central and Southern Brazil that have been found circulating in cattle, water buffaloes, sheep, goats and horses (CORTEZ et al 2006(CORTEZ et al , 2009DA SILVA et al, 2011).…”

Section: Pcr Techniquesupporting

confidence: 62%

“…DNA extraction from whole blood was carried out using a QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen®) and the extracted DNA was identified and stored at -20 °C for further use. The extraction and the PCR, which targeted gene sequences encoding for CatL-like enzymes, were performed as described by Cortez et al (2009). This PCR technique can distinguish T. vivax from T. evansi, T. theileri and other trypanosome species.…”

Section: Pcr Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

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First report of Trypanosoma vivax outbreak in dairy cattle in São Paulo state, Brazil

Cadioli

Barnabé²,

Machado

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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This is the first description of a Trypanosoma vivax outbreak in the state of São Paulo (municipality of Lins). Fever, jaundice, decreased milk production, weight loss, profuse diarrhea, abortion, anemia, leukocytosis and hyperfibrinogenemia were observed in the affected animals. Thirty-one cows and calves died out of a total of 1080 in the herd. Three cows showed neurological symptoms like dysmetria, ataxia, muscle weakness, ptyalism, lymph node enlargement and submandibular edema. Flagellated hemoparasites were observed in blood smears. The species was diagnosed as T. vivax by means of PCR. This T. vivax strain showed resistance to diaminazene aceturate and the infection spread quickly at the herd. From the ELISA test, 599 serum samples (98.36%) were positive for anti-T. vivax IgG antibodies. This outbreak occurred during a very dry period, which indicates that other factors were involved in the outbreak, such as absence of tabanids and large populations of Haematobia irritans and Stomoxys calcitrans. The increases in these populations may have been due to the use of biosolid waste from sugar and ethanol plants in the sugarcane plantations surrounding the dairy farm.Keywords: Bovine, trypanosomiasis, natural infection, anemia, T. vivax, PCR. ResumoEsta é a primeira descrição de um surto de Trypanosoma vivax ocorrido no Estado de São Paulo, no município de Lins. Animais acometidos apresentaram febre, icterícia, diminuição da produção de leite, perda de peso, diarreia profusa, abortos, anemia, leucocitose e hiperfibrigenemia. Foram registrados 31 óbitos de vacas e bezerros em 1.080 bovinos no total. Três vacas apresentaram sintomatologia nervosa, como dismetria, ataxia e fraqueza muscular, além de ptialismo, aumento de linfonodos e edema submandibular. Hemoparasitas flagelados foram observados em esfregaços sanguíneos, e a espécie de tripanossomo foi diagnosticada como T. vivax por PCR. A cepa de T. vivax mostrou ser resistente ao tratamento com aceturato de diaminozeno e a infecção disseminou rapidamente no rebanho. Pelo ELISA, observou-se que 98,36% (599) das amostras de soro colhidas apresentaram títulos positivos para IgG anti-T. vivax. O surto ocorreu em condições de baixa precipitação pluviométrica, fato que indica que outros fatores estavam envolvidos na ocorrência desse surto, como a ausência de tabanídeos e a grande presença de Haematobia irritans e Stomoxys calcitrans, cujo aumento populacional pode ser devido ao uso de resíduos de usinas de açúcar e álcool nos canaviais que circundavam a granja leiteira.Palavras-chave: Bovino, tripanossomíase, infecção natural, anemia, T. vivax, PCR.

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Section: Pcr Techniquesupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Pcr Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Trypanosoma vivax outbreak in dairy cattle in São Paulo state, Brazil

Cadioli

Barnabé²,

Machado

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…The animals were kept in screened and individual stalls and were submitted to daily physical examination; laboratory tests were performed for twenty days prior to experimental infection to verify their health to trypanosomiasis through direct parasitological tests (BRENER, 1961;WOO, 1970), serological tests (IFAT and ELISA) as described by Aquino et al (1999) and molecular test (PCR) as described by Cortez et al (2009). Cows were treated with ivermectin 1% (Ivomec  -0.2 mg/kg SC), fluazuron 2.5% (Acatak  Pour On -2.5 mg/kg) and imidocarb dipropionate 12% (Imizol  -3 mg/kg SC) to prevent coinfection by ecto and endoparasites.…”

Section: Experimental Group and Experimental Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR was performed using a set of primers from the DNA sequence of the gene encoding for the cathepsin L-like enzyme (CatL) of T. vivax that had been described previously (CORTEZ et al, 2009). PCR was performed on a volume of 50 µL, containing 20-100 ng of genomic DNA (except the negative control) and a final concentration of 100 pmol of each primer, 200 mM of each dNTP, 10 mM of Tris-HCl (pH 8.3), 1.5 mM of MgCl 2 , 7.5% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 0.1 mg/ml of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 2.5 units of Taq DNA polymerase (Invitrogen, USA).…”

Section: Pcr Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of clinical signs, parasitemia, hematologic and biochemical changes in cattle experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax

Fidélis

Sampaio

Machado

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Infections by Trypanosoma vivax cause great losses to livestock in Africa and Central and South Americas. Outbreaks due this parasite have been occurred with increasing frequency in Brazil. Knowledge of changes caused by T. vivax during the course of this disease can be of great diagnostic value. Thus, clinical signs, parasitemia, hematologic and biochemical changes of cattle experimentally infected by this hemoparasite were evaluated. Two distinct phases were verified during the infection -an acute phase where circulating parasites were seen and then a chronic phase where fluctuations in parasitemia were detected including aparasitemic periods. A constant reduction in erythrocytes, hemoglobin and packed cell volume (PVC) were observed. White blood cells (WBC) showed pronounced changes such as severe neutropenia and lymphopenia during the acute phase of the illness. Decreases in cholesterol, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and increases in glucose, globulin, protein, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were observed. The "Lins" isolate of T. vivax showed pathogenicity for cattle, and intense parasitemia was detected in the early stages of infection. Circulating parasites were detected for about two months. The most evident laboratory abnormalities were found in WBC parameters, including thrombocytopenia.Keywords: Trypanosomiasis, bovine, host-parasite relationship, complete blood count. ResumoInfecções pelo Trypanosoma vivax causam grandes prejuízos à pecuária na África e Américas Central e do Sul. Surtos devido a este protozoário têm ocorrido com frequência cada vez maior no Brasil. O conhecimento das alterações provocadas pelo T. vivax durante a evolução desta enfermidade podem ser de grande valia para o auxílio no diagnóstico. Para tanto foram estudados os sinais clínicos, parasitemia, alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas em bovinos experimentalmente infectados por este hemoparasito. Foram verificadas duas fases distintas durante a infecção, uma aguda onde parasitos circulantes foram vistos durante todo o período, e posteriormente uma crônica, onde foram detectadas flutuações na parasitemia, com períodos aparasitêmicos. Foi verificada constante diminuição da contagem global de eritrócitos, teor de hemoglobina e volume globular (VG). O leucograma revelou leucopenia por neutropenia e linfopenia durante a fase aguda da enfermidade. Foram observados diminuição do colesterol, albumina, aspartato aminotransferase (AST), lactato desidrogenase (LDH) e aumento da glicose, globulinas, proteínas e fosfatase alcalina (FA). O isolado "Lins" de T. vivax apresentou patogenicidade para bovinos, verificando-se parasitemia intensa nos estágios iniciais da infecção, sendo detectados parasitas circulantes por aproximadamente dois meses. As alterações laboratoriais mais evidentes foram encontradas nos parâmetros do leucograma, ainda destacando-se um quadro de trombocitopenia.Palavras-chave: Tripanossomíase, bovino, relação parasita-hospedeiro, hemograma.

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“…However, this test presents limitations for the adequate differentiation of T. evansi from T. vivax in the sickness of domestic large ruminants from South America. This restriction is associated in part with the evolutionary differentiation of the rDNA sequences between T. vivax forms present in East Africa and those found in America (Rodrigues et al, 2008;Cortez et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New PCR-RFLP for Species-Specific Diagnosis of South American Animal Trypanosomiasis

GarcÃa¹

2014

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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The diagnosis of animal trypanosomiasis in field samples is currently based on clinical suspicion and less frequently on traditional parasitological methods characterized by their very low sensitivity, especially in the subacute and chronic phase of the infection. Molecular tools such as Polymerase Chain Reaction have been shown to reach the highest sensitivity percentages, but without good resolution for all of the South American circulating species (T. vivax, T. evansi and T. theileri) or with specificity for only one of these species. In this study, a new PCR-RFLP for species-specific diagnosis of Trypanosomiasis is presented. This method displayed good resolution, sensitivity and specificity for differentiation of the three aforementioned species identified from naturally infected Colombian bovines and water buffaloes. In addition, epidemiological and clinical data were also collected and analyzed from the sampled animals and significant associations were identified.

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Cathepsin L-like genes of Trypanosoma vivax from Africa and South America – characterization, relationships and diagnostic implications

Cited by 103 publications

References 44 publications

First report of Trypanosoma vivax outbreak in dairy cattle in São Paulo state, Brazil

First report of Trypanosoma vivax outbreak in dairy cattle in São Paulo state, Brazil

Evaluation of clinical signs, parasitemia, hematologic and biochemical changes in cattle experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax

A New PCR-RFLP for Species-Specific Diagnosis of South American Animal Trypanosomiasis

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