Cathinone Use Disorder in the Context of Slam Practice: New Pharmacological and Clinical Challenges

Schreck, Benoît; Guerlais, Marylène; Laforgue, Edouard‐Jules; Bichon, Célia; Grall‐Bronnec, Marie; Victorri-Vigneau, Caroline

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00705

Cited by 18 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…In our study, psychiatric complications were predominant: 50 cases of depressive syndrome or anxiety, 42 psychotic symptoms, and 14 suicide attempts as in the article by Schreck et al [21]. Psychotic syndromes are linked to the powerful dopaminergic effect of these substances.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Chemsex practice in France: An update in Addictovigilance data

Batisse

Eiden

Deheul³

et al. 2021

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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Background: Complications related to Chemsex practice (consumption of psychoactive substances in sexual context) were first assessed by the French Addictovigilance Network in 2014. In response to the deaths reported in 2016, a new expert report was commissioned to update the complications and evolution of Chemsex-related practices in France. Methods: Between January 2008 and August 2017, all Chemsex cases collected through the French Addictovigilance Network's epidemiological tools were analyzed. Comparison of data between two periods (before and after 2014) was performed to assess the evolution of practices. Results: Over the entire survey period, 235 Chemsex cases were identified, all of them in men, with a mean AE SD age of 39 AE 11 years, including 24 deaths (10.2%). An increase in the number of reported cases was observed from one in 2008 to 50 in the first 8 months of 2017. The main medical histories include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; 45%) and hepatitis C (20%) infections, and substance use disorders (36%). In those 235 cases, 345 psychoactive substances were identified, mainly cathinones. Polydrug use was reported in 75% of cases. The main complications were substance use disorders (63%), acute neurological or cardiovascular intoxications (50%), various psychiatric disorders (39%), and viral and bacterial infections (18%). γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) was present in 95% of comas. An increase in the number of deaths was observed during the survey period. Conclusion:The French Addictovigilance Network, via this pharmacoepidemiological surveillance, warns public health authorities in order to support harm reduction programs and the management of Chemsexers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Chemsex practice in France: An update in Addictovigilance data

Batisse

Eiden

Deheul³

et al. 2021

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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“…A total of ten studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. The selection process is reflected in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection process is reflected in Figure 1 . In nine of the studies, the population consisted of MSM [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 38 ], and, in the tenth, of MSM and trans men [ 36 ]. Some studies had certain population particularities: sample from an addiction unit [ 31 ], patients with mephedrone use disorder [ 33 ], MSM who practiced slamsex [ 35 ], and HIV-positive MSM [ 36 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2021) [ 31 ] Retrospective longitudinal descriptive Spain MSM from an addiction unit N = 53 Mean age = 37.7 years As main drug: methamphetamine 81.1%, GHB 9.4%, cocaine 3.8%, mephedrone 1.9%, speed 1.9%, and ketamine 1.9% Other substances: alcohol, cannabis, Viagra, poppers, and benzodiazepines Dolengevich et al (2020) [ 32 ] Cross-sectional descriptive Spain MSM N = 138 Mean age = 37.46 years From the 62 referred to psychiatry: mephedrone 64.3%, poppers 54.8%, GHB 48.3%, erectile dysfunction drugs 35.4%, methamphetamine 32.2%, cocaine 19.3%, and ketamine 4.8% Ballesteros et al (2017) [ 33 ] Cross-sectional descriptive Spain MSM with mephedrone use disorder N = 15 Median age = 40 years Mephedrone 100%, cocaine 66.7%, GHB 66.7%, methamphetamine 60%, ketamine 23%, and other substances (including drugs for erectile dysfunction) 25% Batisse et al (2016) [ 34 ] Cross-sectional France MSM N = 51 Mean age = 40 years Slamsex: mephedrone 51%, cocaine 3.9% and MDMA 2%. Non-slamsex: cocaine 33%, GHB/GBL 13%, poppers 11%, cannabis 11%, methamphetamine 8%, ketamine 8%, MDMA 6%, benzodiazepines 6%, LSD 2%, ethyl chloride 2%, and drugs for erectile dysfunction Schreck et al (2020) [ 35 ] Cross-sectional France MSM who practiced slamsex N = 34 Median age = 38 years Cathinones 100%, GBL 32.4%, poppers 14.8%, GHB 14.7%, cocaine 11.8%, cannabis 8.8%, methamphetamine 5.9%, MDMA 2.9%, ketamine 2.9%, and alcohol 2.9% Bohn et al. (2020) [ 36...…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemsex and Psychosis: A Systematic Review

Moreno-Gámez

Hernández-Huerta

Lahera

2022

Behavioral Sciences

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Chemsex is presented as a major challenge in public health, with numerous physical and mental consequences. The general objective of this review was to analyze the relationship between the practice of chemsex and the development of psychosis. A mixed systematic review model was chosen. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched following a predetermined search strategy. The studies were selected, and their information was extracted following a systematic method. A total of 10 articles were included. Psychotic symptoms ranged from 6.7% to 37.2%, being one of the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses. Slamsex, polydrug use and smoked methamphetamine posed up to a 3-fold increased risk of psychosis within this practice. The risk factors found were foreign or ethnic minority status, location in large cities, stress and anxiety, trauma, loneliness, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), hepatitis, and previous psychotic history. In conclusion, chemsex is associated with psychosis development; we found numerous converging risk factors and a clear mediating role of drugs. It is important, in approaching the prevention and treatment of this addiction, to take into account motivations and psychosocial circumstances.

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“…Cathinones possess the ability to increase the concentration of catecholamines and serotonin (5-HT) by blocking specific transporters, but the psychopharmacological spectrum and illicit use differ [ 6 ]. If amphetamine is used more for its anorexigenic and stimulant properties, cathinones have evolved from “chemsex” to “slam” (by injection), due to entactogenic effects, to enhance sensory perceptions and sexual performance [ 6 ]. The mechanism of action of classical amphetamine derivatives and cathinones has been intensively studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychoactive Drugs—From Chemical Structure to Oxidative Stress Related to Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. A Review

et al. 2021

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Nowadays, more and more young people want to experience illegal, psychoactive substances, without knowing the risks of exposure. Besides affecting social life, psychoactive substances also have an important effect on consumer health. We summarized and analyzed the published literature data with reference to the mechanism of free radical generation and the link between chemical structure and oxidative stress related to dopaminergic neurotransmission. This review presents data on the physicochemical properties, on the ability to cross the blood brain barrier, the chemical structure activity relationship (SAR), and possible mechanisms by which neuronal injuries occur due to oxidative stress as a result of drug abuse such as “bath salts”, amphetamines, or cocaine. The mechanisms of action of ingested compounds or their metabolites involve intermediate steps in which free radicals are generated. The brain is strongly affected by the consumption of such substances, facilitating the induction of neurodegenerative diseases. It can be concluded that neurotoxicity is associated with drug abuse. Dependence and oxidative stress are linked to inhibition of neurogenesis and the onset of neuronal death. Understanding the pathological mechanisms following oxidative attack can be a starting point in the development of new therapeutic targets.

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Cathinone Use Disorder in the Context of Slam Practice: New Pharmacological and Clinical Challenges

Cited by 18 publications

References 48 publications

Chemsex practice in France: An update in Addictovigilance data

Chemsex practice in France: An update in Addictovigilance data

Chemsex and Psychosis: A Systematic Review

Psychoactive Drugs—From Chemical Structure to Oxidative Stress Related to Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. A Review

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