Cathinones in urine samples: A review of recent advances for their determination by chromatographic and related techniques

Pérez‐Alcaraz, Albert; Borrull, Francesc; Calull, Marta; Aguilar, Carme

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2021.116347

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Urine is the most commonly applied biological matrix likely due to the fact that the procedure is less invasive, samples can be easily collected, and sample volumes are usually larger than other matrices. However, adulteration of the urine may produce false-negative results [77]. Although the sample collection is invasive and needs medically trained staffs and requires appropriate conditions to be stable, blood (plasma, serum) is undoubtedly still widely applied in the analysis of BUP, MTD and their metabolites due to its relatively homogeneous matrix and detectable unchanged substance [78][79][80].…”

Section: Biological Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This rapid and automatable method is a potential tool for routine quantification of BUP and its metabolites. Nevertheless, the most commonly employed sample pretreatment for the monitoring of BUP, MTD and their metabolites in biological matrices are liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [18][19][20][21][22][23]26,40,47,49,50,[52][53][54]56,60,61,63,65,68,69,71,74,76,77,80,[88][89][90][91][92] and solid-phase extraction (SPE) [7,24,28,38,41,[43][44][45][46]48,55,68,72,73,75,[93][94][95]. The major benefits of LLE are its simplicity a...…”

Section: Sample Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Approaches for the Determination of Buprenorphine, Methadone and Their Metabolites in Biological Matrices

Shan¹,

Cao²,

Yang³

2022

Molecules

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The abuse of buprenorphine and methadone has grown into a rising worldwide issue. After their consumption, buprenorphine, methadone and their metabolites can be found in the human organism. Due to the difficulty in the assessment of these compounds by routine drug screening, the importance of developing highly sensitive analytical approaches is undeniable. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry is the preferable technique for the determination of buprenorphine, methadone and their metabolites in biological matrices including urine, plasma, nails or oral fluids. This research aims to review a critical discussion of the latest trends for the monitoring of buprenorphine, methadone and their metabolites in various biological specimens.

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Section: Biological Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Approaches for the Determination of Buprenorphine, Methadone and Their Metabolites in Biological Matrices

Shan¹,

Cao²,

Yang³

2022

Molecules

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“…Urine is one of the most widely used biological matrices in forensic toxicology, for it can be obtained in a large volume through non-invasive procedures and has a longer detection window compared to blood. 9,10 Urine is also commonly utilized in anti-obesity drug testing since it contains both the drug itself and its metabolites. [11][12][13] Additionally, the concentration of anti-obesity drugs in urine remains signicantly higher than in plasma and oral uids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of 15 anti-obesity drugs in urine using thermal-assisted paper spray mass spectrometry

Jiang,

Zhao,

Yan

et al. 2023

Anal. Methods

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“…Sample pretreatment is one of the most important steps in trace analysis, which aims to enrich target substances and eliminate matrix interferences prior to instrumental analysis [1]. At present, the reported methods with regard to the pretreatment of water-based biological samples involve LLE, dispersed liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME), SPE, SPME, magnetic SPE, and others [2][3][4]. Among them, SPE is the preferred approach due to its several advantages such as the good effect of matrix removal, a high recovery rate of the target analyte, and simplicity of operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a novel nylon needle filter‐based solid‐phase extraction device to determination of 1‐hydroxypyrene in urine

Yue

Zhou

Peng

et al. 2022

J of Separation Science

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In this work, a simple and miniaturized solid‐phase extraction device was constructed by connecting a commercial nylon needle filter to a syringe, which was applied for extracting 1‐hydroxypyrene from a urine sample via hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions. The nylon membrane in the needle filter acted as the solid‐phase extraction adsorbent, meanwhile, it filtered the particles in the urine sample. To obtain high extraction efficiency, key parameters influencing extraction recovery were investigated. The entire pretreatment process was accomplished within 5 min under the optimal conditions. By coupling high‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet, a rapid, low‐cost, and convenient nylon needle filter‐based method was established for the analysis of 1‐hydroxypyrene in a complex urine matrix. Within the linearity range of 0.2–1000 μg/L, the method exhibited a satisfactory correlation coefficient (R = 0.9999). The limit of detection was 0.06 μg/L, and the recoveries from urine sample spiked with three concentrations (5, 20, and 100 μg/L) ranged from 105.8% to 113.1% with the relative standard deviations less than 6.7% (intra‐day, n = 6) and 8.9% (inter‐day, n = 4). Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for detecting 1‐hydroxypyrene in urine samples from college students, smokers, gas station workers, and chip factory workers. The detected concentration in actual urine samples ranged from 0.46 to 5.26 μg/L. Taken together, this simple and cost‐effective nylon needle filter‐based solid‐phase extraction device showed an excellent application potential for pretreating hydrophobic analytes from aqueous samples.

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Cathinones in urine samples: A review of recent advances for their determination by chromatographic and related techniques

Cited by 8 publications

References 83 publications

Analytical Approaches for the Determination of Buprenorphine, Methadone and Their Metabolites in Biological Matrices

Analytical Approaches for the Determination of Buprenorphine, Methadone and Their Metabolites in Biological Matrices

Analysis of 15 anti-obesity drugs in urine using thermal-assisted paper spray mass spectrometry

Application of a novel nylon needle filter‐based solid‐phase extraction device to determination of 1‐hydroxypyrene in urine

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