Cathode and plasma phenomena in vacuum-arc sources of hydrogen isotope ions: I. Desorption of hydrogen isotopes during the operation of vacuum arc cathode spots

Uimanov, I. V.; Shmelev, D. L.; Окс, Е. М.; Yushkov, G. Yu.; Barengolts, S. A.

doi:10.1088/1361-6595/ab62da

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Subsonic boundary conditions (mass flux and temperature) were set at the cathode. The Zr atom flux was estimated, as in [7], from experimental data on the ion erosion rate by the formula f Zr =J•g/m i , where m i is the mass of a Zr ion and g is the specific ion erosion rate. Then the molecular deuterium flux could be estimated as…”

Section: Mhd Model Of the Plasma Jet Generated By A Cell Of The Catho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cathode and plasma phenomena in vacuum-arc sources of hydrogen isotope ions. II. Ionization processes in the arc plasma

Barengolts

Frolova

Nikolaev

et al. 2020

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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An experimental and theoretical study of the content of deuterium ions in arc discharge plasma was performed for deuterated zirconium cathodes. It was found experimentally that the deuterium ion percentage increased significantly with increasing arc current and decreasing arc duration, reaching 85% at kiloampere currents and few microsecond durations. In this case, a clear correlation was found between the content of deuterium ions in the arc plasma and the mean charge of zirconium ions: the higher the mean Zr ion charge, the greater the amount of deuterium ions in the plasma. A model was developed to describe the ionization processes that occur in the plasma of a vacuum arc with a deuterated cathode. It was shown that the relative content of deuterium ions in the plasma jet ejected from an individual cathode spot cell is not over 50%. The deuterium atoms are additionally ionized when the plasma jets of individual cells are mixed within a group cathode spot with high average current density. Conditions for additional ionization arise when the density of cells on the cathode surface is high, that is, at the initial stage of the discharge operation.

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Section: Mhd Model Of the Plasma Jet Generated By A Cell Of The Catho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional problems in developing a model of the ionization processes are associated with the fact that a deuterated cathode contains hydrogen isotopes which are in an occluded state. This requires theoretical investigations of the desorption of hydrogen isotopes during the operation of the cathode spot of a vacuum arc [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathode and plasma phenomena in vacuum-arc sources of hydrogen isotope ions. II. Ionization processes in the arc plasma

Barengolts

Frolova

Nikolaev

et al. 2020

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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“…Due to the field superposition effect at the center of the cavity of 10 mm, the magnetic field intensity reaches the maximum, and the change in the magnetic field at 8-14 mm is relatively smooth. The magnetic field is more uniform as a whole, which is more conducive to the production of dense plasma [22,23].…”

Section: Magnetic Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic field design of solenoid for cold cathode Penning ion source of miniature neutron tube

Jia

et al. 2023

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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Abstract. A high yield and beam stable neutron tube can be applied in many fields. It is of great significance to the optimal external magnetic field intensity of cold cathode Penning ion source (PIS) and precisely control the movement of deuterium (D), tritium (T) ions and electrons in the source of the neutron tubes. A cold cathode PIS is designed based on the solenoidal magnetic field to obtain better uniformity of the magnetic field and higher yield of the neutron tube. The degree of magnetic field uniformity among the magnetic block, double magnetic rings, and solenoidal ion sources is compared by finite element simulation (FES) methods. By using drift diffusion approximation (DDA) and magnetic field coupling method, the plasma distribution of hydrogen and the relationship between plasma density and magnetic field intensity at 0.06 Pa pressure and solenoid magnetic field are obtained. The results show that the solenoidal ion source has the most uniform magnetic field distribution. The optimum magnetic field strength of about 0.1 T is obtained in the ion source at an excitation voltage of 1 V. The maximum average number density of monatomic hydrogen ions (H+) is 1×108 /m3 and an ion beam current of about 14.51 μA is formed under the -5000 V extraction field. The study of the solenoidal magnetic field contributes to the understanding of the particle dynamics within the PIS and provides a reference for the further improvement of the source performance for the neutron tube in the future. Keywords: Plasma; PIS; DDA; Magnetic field intensityity

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“…In reference [19], Shkol'nik et al pointed out that the hydrogen impregnation degree of the hydrogen storage electrode will affect the cathode spots in the arc process, and a lower impregnation degree can greatly reduce the ablation rate and the size of cathode spots, but the cause of this phenomenon is not given in this paper. I V Uimanov et al [20] established a model to describe the desorption of deuterium from hydrogen storage electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of cathode-spot crater formation and deuterium desorption process on hydrogen titanium cathode with flux boundary conditions and different impregnation degree

Wang¹,

Gao²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Phys. Scr.

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In this paper, the crater formation process of single cathode spot on hydrogen titanium electrode is modeled. In this model, combined with the deuterium diffusion equation, the flux boundary condition was considered to calculate the cathode spot desorption rate with different impregnation degree, and the deformation process of the cathode spot crater was simulated by a hydrodynamic model. The simulation results show that the current, size, and depth of a single cathode spot crater tend to decrease with increasing impregnation degree, which is consistent with many related experimental results. The simulation result shows that the desorption of deuterium in a single cathode spot crater mainly occurs in the ignition stage, and the positions of desorption are successively distributed in the liquid metal flow area on the side wall of the crater and the high temperature area in the center of the crater. The desorption rate of deuterium drops rapidly after cathode spot quenching. At the same time, the increase of arc current and impregnation degree can improve the deuterium desorption rate of a single cathode spot.

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Cathode and plasma phenomena in vacuum-arc sources of hydrogen isotope ions: I. Desorption of hydrogen isotopes during the operation of vacuum arc cathode spots

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

Cathode and plasma phenomena in vacuum-arc sources of hydrogen isotope ions. II. Ionization processes in the arc plasma

Cathode and plasma phenomena in vacuum-arc sources of hydrogen isotope ions. II. Ionization processes in the arc plasma

Magnetic field design of solenoid for cold cathode Penning ion source of miniature neutron tube

Numerical simulation of cathode-spot crater formation and deuterium desorption process on hydrogen titanium cathode with flux boundary conditions and different impregnation degree

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