Cathode Refractory Materials for Aluminium Reduction Cells

Schøning, Christian; Grande, Tor; Siljan, Ole-Jacob

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48200-2_112

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This mechanism causes the thermomechanical properties of the refractory lining to change, which eventually leads to deformation and degradation of the lining. The interaction of similar materials with sodium aluminum fluorides has also been studied in depth in relation to the refractory lining in electrolysis cells [1][2][3][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Spent Refractory Lining in an Anode Baking Furnace

et al. 2017

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The refractory lining in anode baking furnaces is exposed to harsh chemical environment and thermal cycling. Spent refractory lining from an anode baking furnace after 4000 days in operation was investigated. Variation in the density and porosity across the bricks revealed that carbon build up in pores had taken place towards the anode side. The spent refractory bricks were investigated with respect to chemical and mineralogical composition by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. No significant change in the mineralogical composition across the brick could be detected by Xray diffraction. Fluoride was not found in the bricks, while traces of sodium was shown to accumulate together with other impurities in the bricks. The changes in the chemical and mineralogical composition across the bricks are discussed in relation to possible chemical reactions taking place during anode baking.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Spent Refractory Lining in an Anode Baking Furnace

et al. 2017

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“…From the results the values of bulk density to all samples increased with increased fired temperatures [11], this due to continuously reaction to phase crystal formation specially mullite crystal and this interpenetrate with each other due to liquid sintering mullite in high temperatures cause to reduce the porosity of the refractory production and that increased the values of bulk density, the increases in density of a refractory lead to decreases of the porosity and vice versa as shown in fig. (4). And the increased porosity will lower the bulk density [12].…”

Section: Bulk Density (Bd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are also good thermal and electrical insulators used for metallurgical industry in the construction of furnaces as an internal lining. They are commonly used as a vessels for holding and transporting molten metals and slags, and a flues or stacks through which hot gases are conducted [3].The most common refractory materials are located in the ( -) system, and usually called aluminosilicate, they are distinguished by their alumina content [4] .The melting points of and are high,1728 and 2050˚C respectively. Phase diagram of silica-alumina is shown in fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizations of Semi-Silica Refractory Bricks Produced from Local Iraqi Materials

AL-Taie¹,

Ali²,

Al-Attar³

2014

ETJ

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This research was carried out to investigate the suitability of locally white sand and Dwaikhla clay (Kaolin) for manufacture of semi-silica refractory bricks as thermal insulators for lining the furnaces. Preliminary investigations had been done to determine the physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical properties with mineralogical constitution of raw materials by XRD analysis. Different amounts of kaolinite were added as binder to the white sand (raw materials) of semi-silica bricks. The specimens molded according to DIN standards by using semi-dry pressing method at pressure of (24.516MPa) according to the DIN1068 standards. After drying process at 110°C the specimens fired at firing temperatures (1000, 1100, 1200, 1300 and 1400) °C. The fired specimens have been investigated to determination the physical properties including bulk density, porosity, and the mechanical properties including compressive strength and thermal properties including thermal conductivity. It has been observed from the results that local white sand and kaolinite could be used as possible source raw materials for manufacture semi-silica refractories, mainly required for glass, ceramics factory in Rammadi.

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“…The properties of aluminosilicates and their potential applications depend on their alumina content [2].…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These materials are usually called aluminosilicates differed by their alumina content [2]. Furthermore, in anode baking furnaces, refractory bricks of the flue walls are subjected to various destructive forces, both chemical and thermo-mechanical in nature, during their operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%