Cathode regeneration and upcycling of spent LIBs: toward sustainability

Xiao, Xiangheng; Wang, Li; Wu, Yingqiang; Song, Yaqin; Chen, Zonghai; He, Xiangming

doi:10.1039/d3ee00746d

Cited by 51 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…In this work, we did not add additional lithium salt during the regeneration process, and the electrochemical properties of the S‐LFP material were enhanced by one step of high temperature calcination. There are two main reasons: heat treatment helps to remove impurities and repair internal defects in the crystal structure [33] . In addition, After high temperature calcination, the morphology of the D‐LFP will change.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two main reasons: heat treatment helps to remove impurities and repair internal defects in the crystal structure. [33] In addition, After high temperature calcination, the morphology of the D-LFP will change. SEM and TEM results show that D-LFP with a spheroid structure, rules of the sample morphology, without cracks and particle uniformity.…”

Section: Structural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Facile and Effective Method to Strip and Recycle Spent LiFePO₄ Cathode Materials

Mou,

Zhang,

Cai

et al. 2023

ChemistrySelect

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A facile and highly efficient method was proposed for the separation and regeneration of LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode materials from spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The optimal separation conditions involved immersing the spent LFP materials in NaOH (0.5 mol/L) solutions at a temperature of 90 °C, with a solid‐liquid ratio of 30 g/L under stirring of 500 rpm. The high separation effect can be attributed to the synergistic action of several factors at the interface. Furthermore, the structure, composition, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the regenerated LFP (D‐LFP) materials at different temperatures were systematically investigated. Notably, the D‐LFP material generated through calcination at 650 °C for 10 h exhibited a initial discharge capacity of 154.4 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and the capacity retention rate of 97.3 % after 100 cycles. Moreover, a detailed investigation of the kinetics of the separation and regeneration processes was carried out, along with an exploration of the underlying electrochemical mechanism. This idea not only mitigates the harmful impact of waste on both human health and the environment but also realizes the transformation of waste into valuable resource treasure, promoting a greener and more sustainable development of society.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile and Effective Method to Strip and Recycle Spent LiFePO₄ Cathode Materials

Mou,

Zhang,

Cai

et al. 2023

ChemistrySelect

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“…If Low SOH NCM are not recycled, the lithium resources on Earth will be insufficient to support the development of EVs, and this could pose a considerable environmental threat. [ 5–8 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If Low SOH NCM are not recycled, the lithium resources on Earth will be insufficient to support the development of EVs, and this could pose a considerable environmental threat. [5][6][7][8] Presently, the conventional methods for recovering LSOH batteries include hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical approaches. Pyrometallurgical methods primarily yield transition metal alloys with an unsatisfactorily low recovery rate of lithium and high energy consumption, which contradicts the lowcarbon development concept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Eutectic Salts‐Assisted Direct Lithium Regeneration for Extremely Low State of Health Ni‐Rich Cathodes

Liu,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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Currently, the concept of direct regeneration has garnered considerable attention from the public due to its minimal environmental impact, high economic value, and stable performance of recycled materials. In this study, an organic lithium salt‐assisted eutectic salts direct regeneration (OAER) is proposed for replenishing lithium in an extremely low state of health Ni‐rich cathode (Low SOH NCM). The OAER method capitalizes on the favorable inherent properties of eutectic salts; moreover, the reactions of organic lithium salt create an oxidation environment and vacancies. By employing OAER, Low SOH NCM are able to be recovered, which originally has a capacity of only 46.8 mAh g−1, to 155.5 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 95.6% after 100 cycles. Notably, this performance is substantially higher than that achieved through conventional and purely eutectic salt regeneration methods and even slightly surpasses the current commercial NCM material. Considering the economic and environmental benefits of the OAER approach, it demonstrates potential for direct regeneration of Low SOH NCM and exhibits competitiveness for industrial applications.

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“…11–14 In previous reports, solid-state sintering, hydrothermal treatment, and chemical lithiation have been proposed for the direct regeneration of S-LFP, and an effective reductive environment is considered very important for the elimination of Fe( iii ) and Li–Fe anti-site defects in the crystal structure of S-LFP. 15–18…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step regeneration and upgrading of spent LiFePO₄ cathodes with phytic acid

Zhu,

Ren,

Chen

et al. 2024

Nanoscale

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Cathode regeneration and upcycling of spent LIBs: toward sustainability

Abstract: ‘Green ambition’ is one of the hot research topics of the 21st century. With the sharp steering of the energy infrastructure toward fulfilling this radical expectation, the last decade has...

Cited by 51 publications

References 77 publications

A Facile and Effective Method to Strip and Recycle Spent LiFePO₄ Cathode Materials

A Facile and Effective Method to Strip and Recycle Spent LiFePO₄ Cathode Materials

Organic Eutectic Salts‐Assisted Direct Lithium Regeneration for Extremely Low State of Health Ni‐Rich Cathodes

One-step regeneration and upgrading of spent LiFePO₄ cathodes with phytic acid

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Cathode regeneration and upcycling of spent LIBs: toward sustainability

Abstract: ‘Green ambition’ is one of the hot research topics of the 21st century. With the sharp steering of the energy infrastructure toward fulfilling this radical expectation, the last decade has...

Cited by 51 publications

References 77 publications

A Facile and Effective Method to Strip and Recycle Spent LiFePO4 Cathode Materials

A Facile and Effective Method to Strip and Recycle Spent LiFePO4 Cathode Materials

Organic Eutectic Salts‐Assisted Direct Lithium Regeneration for Extremely Low State of Health Ni‐Rich Cathodes

One-step regeneration and upgrading of spent LiFePO4 cathodes with phytic acid

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A Facile and Effective Method to Strip and Recycle Spent LiFePO₄ Cathode Materials

A Facile and Effective Method to Strip and Recycle Spent LiFePO₄ Cathode Materials

One-step regeneration and upgrading of spent LiFePO₄ cathodes with phytic acid