Cathode Spot Dynamics and Arc Structure in a Dense Axial Magnetic-Field-Stabilized Vacuum Arc

Hartmann, Werner; Lawall, A.; Renz, R.; Romheld, M.; Wenzel, N.; Wietzorek, W.

doi:10.1109/tps.2011.2140402

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As pointed out in [30], because of low current, small diameter, and low erosion rate, spots on chromium should be much dimmer than those on copper and are not easy to observe. However, high-resolution photographs of copper-chromium contacts of high-current arcs [41]- [43] have revealed, in addition to cathode spots with the average current of 45 A similar to those on pure copper cathodes, also very small and dim spots. The latter may be interpreted as the spots on chromium predicted by the analytical treatment [30] and the numerical modeling in this paper.…”

Section: Spots On Large Cr Grains In Cu Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space-Resolved Modeling of Stationary Spots on Copper Vacuum Arc Cathodes and on Composite CuCr Cathodes With Large Grains

Benilov

Cunha

Hartmann

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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Section: Spots On Large Cr Grains In Cu Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space-Resolved Modeling of Stationary Spots on Copper Vacuum Arc Cathodes and on Composite CuCr Cathodes With Large Grains

Benilov

Cunha

Hartmann

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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“…This section is concerned with the effect of a superimposed (external) tangential magnetic field. The measurements have been performed in a synthetic test circuit similar to the setup described in [30] and [31]. The current wave had a frequency of 52.6 Hz and an amplitude of 3.68 kA.…”

Section: Investigating Cathode Attachment In Inclined Magnetic Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Model of Distribution of Current Over Cathodes of Vacuum Circuit Breakers

Cunha

Wenzel

Almeida

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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There are several hundreds of spots operating simultaneously on cathodes of vacuum arcs in high-power vacuum circuit breakers. In this work, the spot distribution along the contact surface is simulated by means of an approach that is based on the concept of surface density of spots and represents a natural alternative to tracing individual spots. An equation governing the evolution of the surface density of the spots or, equivalently, the distribution of macroscopic (averaged over individual spots) current density over the cathode is obtained by generalizing the concept of random walk of a single cathode spot in low-current vacuum arcs. The model relies on empirical parameters characterizing individual spots (the diffusion coefficient of the random motion of cathode spots and the velocity of drift superimposed over the random motion), which may be taken from experiments with low-current arcs, and does not involve adjustable parameters. The model is simple and physically transparent and correctly reproduces the trends observed in the experiments under conditions where the cathode arc attachment is diffuse. The distribution of the macroscopic current density on the cathode, given by the model, represents the boundary condition that is required for existing numerical models of vacuum arcs in high-power vacuum circuit breakers.

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“…After arc extinction, the temperature is high, meanwhile the density of the residual plasmas and metal vapors are large inside the interrupter [19]. So, when new energy is injected after reignition, more and larger metal droplets will be emitted.…”

Section: Droplet Emission and Arc Reignitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above process can be explained as follows: there are electrons, ions, metal vapor, and droplets in the arc area, so the pressure in the center is larger than that near the shield, which can cause the droplets to accelerate [19]. In the former stage, the droplets start to leave the contacts and the arc gap where there is a large pressure, so it is an accelerating process.…”

Section: Droplet Emission and Arc Reignitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Vacuum Arc Interruption Process in Aviation Intermediate-Frequency Power Supply Systems

Yuan

Chen

et al. 2017

Energies

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Abstract:In this paper, we present our research into the interruption performance of vacuum circuit breakers in aviation intermediate-frequency (360 Hz to 800 Hz) power supply systems. Intermediate-frequency vacuum arc experiments were carried out in interrupters with a diameter of 41 mm and CuCr50 alloy contact material. The results show that, as the frequency and peak value of the current increase, both the peak value and rise rate of the intermediate-frequency vacuum arc voltage also increase, and the interruption ability decreases. However, compared to the power frequency current at the same value, the erosion of the contacts is weaker over a shorter arc period. When the vacuum arc reignites, metal droplets are emitted from the contacts. The drive force is from the center of the contact to the edge. If the density of the plasmas and metal vapors and the number of the metal droplets reaches a certain level, the arc may break down, which will cause the interruption to fail.

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Cathode Spot Dynamics and Arc Structure in a Dense Axial Magnetic-Field-Stabilized Vacuum Arc

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Space-Resolved Modeling of Stationary Spots on Copper Vacuum Arc Cathodes and on Composite CuCr Cathodes With Large Grains

Space-Resolved Modeling of Stationary Spots on Copper Vacuum Arc Cathodes and on Composite CuCr Cathodes With Large Grains

A Simple Model of Distribution of Current Over Cathodes of Vacuum Circuit Breakers

Analysis of the Vacuum Arc Interruption Process in Aviation Intermediate-Frequency Power Supply Systems

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