Cathodic and Anodic Protection

Juchniewicz, R.; Jankowski, J.; Darowicki, Kazimierz

doi:10.1002/9783527619306.ch8

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Accordingly, protection criteria and their interpretation have been subject to long-standing controversies. 1,36,38,48,159,[165][166][167][168] Much of the controversy can be traced to poor understanding of the working mechanism of CP, essentially the incomplete distinction between activation polarization ( Figure 2) and polarization arising from concentration changes (Figure 3), the lack of acknowledging passivation (and the resulting dramatic changes in electrode kinetics), not adequately considering galvanic elements, and overlooking the impact of diffusion potentials.…”

Section: A Critical Scientific Analysis Of Cathodic Protection Assementioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of the Science and Engineering of Cathodic Protection of Steel in Soil and Concrete

Angst¹

2019

Corrosion

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After a century of history of cathodic protection (CP) of iron and steel, this paper critically reviews the state of the art in the science and engineering and assesses the fitness of CP as an effective technology to tackle the challenges related to infrastructure corrosion. This paper focuses on CP of iron-based alloys embedded in porous media, such as soil or concrete, as these two major applications of CP technology share many similarities. First, the scientific understanding of CP is reviewed and different competing theories are discussed. There is wide agreement that corrosion protection of steel is achieved thanks to a combination of immediate activation polarization and the beneficial changes in electrolyte chemistry that are gradually occurring at the steel surface when a protection current is flowing toward a steel electrode. A major and well-documented technological advantage of these "chemical effects" is that the protective effect of CP is maintained during temporal loss of protection current, e.g., due to survey work related shut-offs or anodic interference. However, the relationships between these chemical concentration changes in the porous medium and the protection current are complex, and, as this review shows, cannot reliably be described with state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, in this paper, different hypotheses for the mechanism of corrosion protection in heterogeneous situations (galvanic elements), as they are generally occurring in practice, are discussed. It is revealed that understanding the working mechanism of CP in heterogeneous conditions remains a critical scientific challenge. The longstanding debate concerns the question whether CP results mainly in a reduction of number and size of actively corroding areas, or in a reduction of the corrosion rate at the actively corroding sites. Additionally, the literature addressing the interrelation between microbiologically influenced corrosion and CP is here reviewed, and recent progress as well as limitations of the existing literature are highlighted. In a second part, engineering practice and CP protection criteria are reviewed. It is found that the approaches stipulated in international standard are unreliable. This can be traced back to the assessment criteria being empirical and incapable of adequately taking into account the complexity of the underlying processes. Finally, recommendations for future developments are made. Particular opportunities are seen in embracing the progress made in numerical modeling, such as reactive transport modeling in porous media, and considering the interdependence between the involved processes, namely the interdependence between transport processes, chemical reactions, and electrode kinetics.

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Section: A Critical Scientific Analysis Of Cathodic Protection Assementioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of the Science and Engineering of Cathodic Protection of Steel in Soil and Concrete

Angst¹

2019

Corrosion

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“…Corrosion in metals is a natural irreversible phenomenon, which can be controlled and predicted to some extent by analyzing corrosion properties of the metals. Apart from corrosion control measures such as coatings, 1 corrosion inhibitors, 2 and cathodic protection, 3,4 some metals such as aluminum and stainless steel form a passive oxide film on their surface when exposed to corrosive environments. 5 Corrosion damage susceptibility of the oxide film is not only determined by the type of metal but also by the surface finish during manufacturing and post-processing steps.…”

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Effects of Process-Induced Defects on the Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 304L

Saberi,

Liou,

Amiri

2024

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This study investigates the impact of process-induced defects such as gas pores, lack of fusions, and surface roughness on corrosion behavior of stainless steel 304L (SS304L) fabricated by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. Specimens are printed with optimized process parameters but selected from different locations on the build plate. Parallel and perpendicular surfaces to the build direction are investigated and compared with corrosion properties of wrought SS304L in 5wt.% NaCl. The results reveal significant difference in corrosion behavior among specimens due to variations in their defect features. Pitting potential, pit initiation, and growth rates are found to be influenced by specimen location on the build plate. The specimen located in downstream of the shielding gas flow shows the least corrosion resistance. While no clear trends are observed between some corrosion properties and defect features, other properties show strong correlations. For example, no trend is observed for the corrosion properties in relation to pore average area fraction. However, strong correlations are observed for the corrosion properties as functions of defects maximum area. Corrosion properties linearly deteriorate as the defects maximum area increases. Roughness shows a mixed relationship with pitting potential. Comprehensive discussions on all these effects are presented.

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Kathodischer Korrosionsschutz von emaillierten Speicherwassererwärmern

Bytyn

Franke

2002

Materials and Corrosion

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Cathodic and Anodic Protection

Cited by 6 publications

References 72 publications

A Critical Review of the Science and Engineering of Cathodic Protection of Steel in Soil and Concrete

A Critical Review of the Science and Engineering of Cathodic Protection of Steel in Soil and Concrete

Effects of Process-Induced Defects on the Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 304L

Kathodischer Korrosionsschutz von emaillierten Speicherwassererwärmern

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