Cathodic breakdown of anodic oxide film on Al and Al–Sn alloys in NaCl solution

Recent developments in materials for aluminum–air batteries: A review

“…Super-pure aluminum with a purity of 99.999% and Al-Sn alloys at various concentrations of 0.02% to 0.40% in 0.5 M NaCl solution exhibit comparable cathodic performances at a high cathodic potential of -1.9 V vs Saturated calomel electrode (SCE); as the potential is decreased, this performance initially decays rapidly to a minimum and then increases again [36]. The high amount of charge spent on reduction, Q c , which is between 320μCcm -2 and 1400 µCcm -2 , indicates cathodic breakdown and the presence of oxide film hydrates [36].…”

“…The high amount of charge spent on reduction, Q c , which is between 320μCcm -2 and 1400 µCcm -2 , indicates cathodic breakdown and the presence of oxide film hydrates [36]. The low cathodic potential observed at 0.4% Sn rapidly decays with increasing Q C throughout this charge range.…”

“…A higher content of Sn as an alloying element causes a decrease in Q C and reduces alkali attack at the oxide layer. Alloyed aluminum with 0.2% or 0.4% Sn exhibits the best performance as anode materials among the investigated Al-Sn alloys [36]. Table 1 summarizes the result of charge, Q C , for Al and Al-Sn alloys, determined after the termination of cathodic polarization lasting for 1 s and after the return of the electrode potential to E OCP .…”

“…The best aluminium anode chosen to be used in the cell would be Al-Sn alloy with composition of 0.02% to 0.4% [45] which reduce alkali attack on anode surface while open circuit potential (OCP) proven to be more negative with -1.45 V [33] with no passive potential and enhancement of choride ion, Cl -. Composite polymer aluminium anode proposed by Ferrando is also an interesting anode material with energy output produce is 240 Wh kg -1 for 43 hours.…”

The effect of small addition of tin and indium on the corrosion behavior of aluminium in chloride solution

“…However, if Al is alloyed with small quantities of elements such as Hg, In, Ga, Zn, Sn and others [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], its anodic activity improves as the structure of the aluminium/aluminium oxide film/chloride electrolyte system changes. The activation of Al is manifested by a displacement of the solution potential in the electronegative direction, the system's ability to deliver high anodic current density, and the maintenance of an active surface that corrodes in a nearly uniform manner.…”