Cathodic deposition of MOF films: mechanism and applications

Abstract

Cathodic deposition is a new yet powerful technique to prepare MOF films. The cathodically deposited MOF films can be used in many applications.

Tunable metal–organic frameworks assist in catalyzing DNAzymes with amplification platforms for biomedical applications

“…MOFs were regarded as a potential nanocarrier or therapy agent owing to their predominant surface area, various porosity, tunable pore size, and easy design of the skeleton. 30,31 The development of safe and efficient delivery vectors represents a significant problem for gene therapy since, despite advancements in viral and non-viral delivery vectors, poor gene loading capacity, low cell uptake, and immunogenicity remain important barriers to nucleic acid molecular delivery. 32,33 It ought to be noted that prior studies have used analogous nucleus-group-locked mesoporous SiO 2 nanoparticles as drug carriers.…”

Photochromic Ln-Phosphonates Assembled by an Imidazole Derivative: Construction, Crystal Structures, and Light-Enhanced Proton Conductivity

“…However, it is difficult to accurately analyze the relationship between the structure and property of amorphous polymeric films, which can be deemed a difficult problem for studying proton conduction mechanisms and pathways and further improving the performance of functional materials. 4,11,12 In addition, the high manufacturing cost as well as the low performance at high temperatures limits their application. 12,13 Therefore, exploration and development of new proton conductive materials with good chemical stability have been attracting extensive attention.…”

“…Proton conductive materials, with a convenient and tunable property, play an important role in sensors, − batteries, , as well as smart grids and fuel cells. − At present, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) based on acid polymers, such as Nafion, are becoming a new type of clean energy battery and has been attracting much attention. − They also exhibit high proton conductivity in an aqueous environment and are widely used in portable applications. However, it is difficult to accurately analyze the relationship between the structure and property of amorphous polymeric films, which can be deemed a difficult problem for studying proton conduction mechanisms and pathways and further improving the performance of functional materials. ,, In addition, the high manufacturing cost as well as the low performance at high temperatures limits their application. , Therefore, exploration and development of new proton conductive materials with good chemical stability have been attracting extensive attention.…”

Vapor-Assisted Conversion of Heterobimetallic Titanium–Organic Framework Thin Films

“…The processing of MOFs as thin films offers increasing advantages for some of those applications, such as energy conversion, electronic devices, sensor technology, or catalysis . Driven by such potential, the fabrication of porous thin films has seen great progress, and several surface deposition techniques have been developed or applied to MOFs. − For instance, MOF thin films have been prepared from preformed materials using drop-casting, dip-coating, spin-coating, inkjet printing, or electrophoretic deposition. − Alternatively, films have been assembled directly on the surface from metal-linker solutions via solvothermal synthesis or via an electrochemical reaction, either using the anode as the metal source or the cathode to reduce and deprotonate the linker. , Otherwise, MOF coatings can be crystallized on a surface from precursor droplets via electrospraying or aerosol jet printing. , Film growth can also be achieved by confining the reaction to the gas–solid interface through chemical vapor deposition, thus avoiding the use of solvents . Vapor-assisted conversion (VAC) is another thin-film fabrication methodology at the edge of vapor and solution synthesis. − Alternatively, the assembling of the MOFs can be carried out in several steps, the so-called layer-by-layer (LbL) or liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) approach, which involves the sequential growth of the ultrathin film by consecutive exposure of the substrate to the different building blocks. , Beyond the chosen film-making method, there are several factors that influence film growth such as the surface pretreatment, the choice of the modulator, the concentration of the precursors, the time, or the reaction temperature. , …”

“…12−16 Alternatively, films have been assembled directly on the surface from metal-linker solutions via solvothermal synthesis or via an electrochemical reaction, either using the anode as the metal source or the cathode to reduce and deprotonate the linker. 17,18 Otherwise, MOF coatings can be crystallized on a surface from precursor droplets via electrospraying or aerosol jet printing. 19,20 Film growth can also be achieved by confining the reaction to the gas−solid interface through chemical vapor deposition, thus avoiding the use of solvents.…”