Cathodic electrosynthesis of ceramic deposits

Zhitomirsky, Igor; Gal‐Or, L.

doi:10.1016/0955-2219(96)00002-7

Cited by 56 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Prior to making electrical contacts the specimen was degreased with acetone and etched in a 1:1 HCl/H 2 O mixture for 60 s. WO 3 was deposited in a single direct cathodic deposition step [30,31] 3 (Riedel, 65%) and 0.1 M KNO 3 (Merck, pro analysi, >99%). The preparation of TiO 2 is based on the indirect deposition of a gel of hydrous titanium oxo-hydroxides from the reaction of titanium peroxosulfate with hydroxide ions produced by nitrate electrochemical reduction [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The deposited gel film was heated in air at 400°C for 1 h to obtain crystalline TiO 2 (anatase) film.…”

Section: Preparation Of Wo 3 Tio 2 and Bilayer Tio 2 /Wo 3 Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), electrosynthesis/electrodeposition has been proposed as an alternative route for the production of TiO 2 and WO 3 coatings, offering accurate control of layer thickness and applicability to substrates of complex shapes. More specifically, DC cathodic electrosynthesis of ceramic oxides was pioneered by Zhitomirski [23][24][25][26] and further developed by other researchers [27][28][29]. Recently, the same approach was applied to the electrochemical production of photocatalytic TiO 2 or/and WO 3 -coated electrodes, on Pt or optically transparent electrodes [30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photoelectrochemical behaviour of electrodeposited tungsten trioxide and electrosynthesised titanium dioxide single component and bilayer coatings on stainless steel substrates

Georgieva

Armyanov

Valova

et al. 2005

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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Section: Preparation Of Wo 3 Tio 2 and Bilayer Tio 2 /Wo 3 Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectrochemical behaviour of electrodeposited tungsten trioxide and electrosynthesised titanium dioxide single component and bilayer coatings on stainless steel substrates

Georgieva

Armyanov

Valova

et al. 2005

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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“…That is justified by the need of low cost processing and the possibility of using polymeric substrates in the production of DSSCs. Contrary to that, the cathodically assisted synthesis results in an amorphous titanium hydroxide that is converted into anatase only upon heat treatment …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Zhitomirsky et al . and Natarajan and Nogami, the first ones to electrosynthesize TiO 2 cathodically, performed thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis of the amorphous deposits and determined that titania crystallizes into pure anatase at temperatures between 365 °C and 440 °C . Since then, a 1‐h thermal treatment of the electrodeposit at 400–450 ° C was almost consensually adopted by all groups working on the theme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman and XRD study on brookite–anatase coexistence in cathodic electrosynthesized titania

Campos

Spada

Paula

et al. 2011

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Among the many methods developed for the synthesis of titanium dioxide, cathodic electrosynthesis has not received much attention because the resulting amorphous oxy‐hydroxide matrix demands a further thermal annealing step to be transformed into crystalline titania. However, the possibility of filling deep recessed templates by the control of the solid–liquid interface makes it a potentially suitable technique for the fabrication of porous scaffolds for photovoltaics and photocatalysis. Furthermore, a careful control of the crystallization process enables the growth of larger grains with lower density of grain boundaries, which act as electron traps that slow down electronic transport and promote charge recombination. In this report, well crystallized titania deposits were obtained by thermal annealing of amorphous deposits fabricated by cathodically assisted electrosynthesis on indium‐tin oxide (ITO)substrates. The combined use of Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction showed that the crystallization process is more intricate than previously assumed. It is shown that the amorphous matrix evolves into a rutile‐free mixture of brookite and anatase at temperatures as low as 200 °C that persists up to 800 °C, when pure anatase dominates. The amount of brookite in the brookite–anatase mixture reaches a maximum at 400 °C. This very simple method for obtaining a brookite–anatase mixture and the ability to tune their proportions by thermal annealing is a promising alternative whose potential for solar cells and photocatalysis deserves a careful evaluation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Furthermore, once the electrosynthesized material grows from the substrate, TiO 2 can be molded, resulting in films [2,9,12] and nanowires [11], for example. To obtain crystalline TiO 2 , two steps are required: (i) electrosynthesis, which provides an amorphous gel, and (ii) thermal treatment (TT), which crystallizes the amorphous gel [9,23]. In a previous work, we have studied the influence of the TT temperature on the crystallization process (step ii), in electrosynthesized TiO 2 films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrosynthesized TiO2 films: dependence of the brookite–anatase ratio on the applied potential

et al. 2014

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TiO 2 films were produced on ITO using a two-step method: (i) potentiostatic electrosynthesis of an amorphous titanium oxyhydroxide gel and (ii) subsequent crystallization by a thermal treatment (TT). The influence of applied potential on the morphology and on the crystalline structure of the resulting films was studied for three different TT temperatures, using SEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. The films were porous and their morphology was more affected by the potential than by the temperature. The obtained TiO 2 presented a high degree of crystallinity. The brookite-anatase coexistence was observed for all synthesis conditions. Nevertheless, the brookite content decreased for samples synthesized at more negative potentials, irrespective of the TT temperature. A relative estimate of brookite content variation among the prepared samples was obtained from an analysis of Raman spectra, and it was shown to be related with the pH variation during electrosynthesis. This correlation is in accordance with reported dependence of brookite-anatase ratio in sol-gel synthesis, which decreases with an increase in pH.

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Cathodic electrosynthesis of ceramic deposits

Cited by 56 publications

References 28 publications

Photoelectrochemical behaviour of electrodeposited tungsten trioxide and electrosynthesised titanium dioxide single component and bilayer coatings on stainless steel substrates

Photoelectrochemical behaviour of electrodeposited tungsten trioxide and electrosynthesised titanium dioxide single component and bilayer coatings on stainless steel substrates

Raman and XRD study on brookite–anatase coexistence in cathodic electrosynthesized titania

Electrosynthesized TiO2 films: dependence of the brookite–anatase ratio on the applied potential

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