Cathodic protection of steel in concrete using magnesium alloy anode

Parthiban, G.T.; Parthiban, Thirumalai; Ravi, Remya; Saraswathy, V.; Palaniswamy, N.; Sivan, V.

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2008.08.040

Cited by 93 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Entre las características de este ánodo están: tener un potencial muy negativo capaz de proteger el acero de refuerzo, no desarrollar películas pasivantes protectoras y presentar corrosión uniforme (130). Los ánodos de sacrificio más utilizados son de aluminio, zinc, magnesio y sus aleaciones, entre estas figuran aleaciones Al-Zn-In, aleaciones magnesio con contenidos bajos de manganeso, entre otras (131)(132)(133)(134)(135)(136). Una nueva técnica que se encuentra en vías de desarrollo es la protección catódica por ánodos discretos (ánodos embebidos en el hormigón); Moreno et al (130) concluyeron que el acero se protegió catódicamente con ánodos discretos de zinc, sin embargo se lixiviaron los productos de corrosión de los ánodos por la alta humedad relativa.…”

Section: Electrochemical Chloride Extraction (Ece)unclassified

“…The characteristics of this anode include: a very negative potential able to protect the reinforcing steel, the non-development of protective passivating films, and uniform corrosion (130). The most widely used sacrificial anodes are aluminium, zinc and magnesium and their alloys, including Al-Zn-In alloys and magnesium alloys with a low manganese content (131)(132)(133)(134)(135)(136). A new technique currently under development is cathodic protection with discrete anodes (anodes embedded in the concrete); Moreno et al (130) concluded that discrete zinc anodes cathodically protected steel, although the anode corrosion products were leached out in high relative humidity.…”

Section: Protección Y Prevención Catódicamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Durabilidad del hormigón armado expuesto a condiciones agresivas

Aguirre¹,

Gutiérrez²

2013

Mater. construcc.

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Reinforced concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. The combination of high compressive strength, afforded by concrete and, and the excellent mechanical properties that characterise steel make it an ideal composite for all manner of structures. One of the main weaknesses of this material, however, is that when the concrete is exposed to aggressive environments, in particular high concentrations of chloride ions or carbon dioxide, reinforcing steel corrodes, shortening service life. This article reviews the state of the art on concrete durability, along with the conditions that affect its useful life by inducing reinforcing steel corrosion. It also discusses the prevention and control methods, in particular electrochemical prevention and rehabilitation techniques, that have been developed to mitigate the problem.Keywords: reinforced concrete; steel corrosion; mineral additions; electrochemical rehabilitation. RESUMENEl hormigón armado se ha convertido en el material más utilizado a nivel mundial en el sector de la construcción. La combinación de las altas prestaciones a resistencia a la compresión que ofrece el hormigón y las excelentes propiedades mecánicas del acero lo hacen el material compuesto ideal para aplicaciones estructurales. Sin embargo, uno de los mayores problemas que afecta la vida útil del hormigón es la corrosión del acero de refuerzo, la cual se presenta cuando el hormigón se encuentra expuesto a ambientes agresivos, en especial frente a la exposición a iones cloruros y/o dióxido de carbono. Este trabajo revisa el estado del conocimiento con respecto a la durabilidad del hormigón enfatizando en los fenóme-nos que afectan su durabilidad y generan la corrosión del acero de refuerzo, adicionalmente se incluyen los métodos de prevención y control que se han desarrollado para mitigar el problema, en particular los relacionados con las técnicas electroquímicas de prevención y rehabilitación. INTRODUCTIONVersatility and low cost have made concrete one of the world's most popular construction materials (1, 2). This ceramic material is characterised by high compressive strength, although it is prone to cracking under other types of mechanical stress such as bending and tensile forces, torque and shear. That weakness led to the advent of reinforced concrete, a combination of concrete and structural steel widely used to build bridges, buildings in general and skyscrapers in particular, tunnels and a host of other structures. One of the most important features of concrete, in addition to its mechanical properties, is its durability, which is associated with the inservice life of structures exposed to certain conditions or environments (3, 4). More specifically, reinforcing steel corrosion has been identified as the main weakness of reinforced concrete (5). This paper discusses the main types of concrete deterioration, including the processes that contribute to steel corrosion, and the respective prevention and control methods, such as the use of inhibitors and coatings, ...

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Section: Electrochemical Chloride Extraction (Ece)unclassified

Section: Protección Y Prevención Catódicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Durabilidad del hormigón armado expuesto a condiciones agresivas

Aguirre¹,

Gutiérrez²

2013

Mater. construcc.

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“…These metals are often alloyed to improve the long-term performance and dissolution characteristics. Zinc and its alloys are the most common for concrete structures (Broomfield, 2000); aluminium and magnesium and their alloys are used less regularly (Parthiban et al, 2008) as their oxides and corrosion products can attack the concrete (Broomfield, 2000). The different SACP anodes are described in the following sections.…”

Section: Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For CP of reinforced concrete, research has either centred on the anode materials and types used (Bertolini et al, 2004;Jing and Wu, 2011;Parthiban et al, 2008;Wilson et al, 2013;Xu and Yao, 2009), novel monitoring systems (Pruckner et al, 1996;Ward et al, 2014) or examining current distribution within the reinforcement (Hassanein et al, 2002;Xu and Yao, 2009). It has been found that the majority of current is impressed on the reinforcement placed nearest the surface, with little protection afforded to the other layers (BSI, 2012;Hassanein et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art review of cathodic protection for reinforced concrete structures

Byrne¹,

Holmes²,

Norton³

2016

Magazine of Concrete Research

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Cathodic protection (CP) limits the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell.This can be achieved either by using a more active sacrificial anode to create a driving current, or by using inert anodes and impressing a current onto the cathode surface using an external direct current (DC) source. Impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) is preferred where widespread protection is required, particularly in reinforced concrete structures. ICCP needs a constant DC power supply that is usually provided through a grid connection or independent generators. This paper presents the currently available CP systems for reinforced concrete, particularly ICCP, and the possibility of using self-sufficient and renewable energy systems. The potential for overcoming the mismatch (due to intermittent current) in energy provision from renewable sources with energy needs for CP (constant current) is discussed by exploring methods of storing energy and examining the level of protection provided by intermittent current. Areas that require further research to optimise the design of such systems are highlighted.

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“…Cathodic protection is a well-known method for preventing alloy corrosion in aqueous solutions by shifting the cathodic alloy potential to the previous alloy corrosion potential, either by using impressed current or by using a sacrificial anode. 5 However, cathodic protection has little documented experience in high-temperature molten salt systems outside of some notable exceptions such as the extensive Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) molten salt reactor research program. The only example thus far has been in the nuclear industry, where reactor materials were protected from the attack of fluoride salts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modeling the Effect of Cathodic Protection on Superalloys Inside High Temperature Molten Salt Systems

Mehrabadi

Weidner

García-Díaz

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Cathodic protection is one way to mitigate corrosion of metal surfaces of concentrated solar power (CSP) systems, by shifting the potential of the alloy below its open circuit potential (OCP). The behavior of molten salt CSP systems under cathodic protection can be obtained by developing a three-dimensional (3-D) computational corrosion model. A corrosion model was designed for and benchmarked against a thermosiphon reactor. For the cathodic protection case, magnesium (Mg) was added to the salt as a sacrificial anodic species, which reduces the corrosion rate by cathodic polarization of a corroding metal surface. The model then calculated the new corrosion rate at the surface of the coupons. Results were in good agreement with experimental values for the cases with and without the cathodic protection and at isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The results showed that by adding even small amounts of Mg into the molten salt (KCl-MgCl 2 ) can rapidly reduce the corrosion rate at the surface of the coupons for both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The predicted results also showed that the corrosion rate of Haynes-230 in KCl-MgCl 2 containing 1.15 mol% Mg was 35 times lower than baseline tests with no cathodic protection and met the DOE SunShot targets. Concentrating solar power (CSP) plants rely on thermal energy from the sun to generate electricity. Because they do not rely on any fossil fuel backup, CSP plants can be considered a clean energy source of the future and have the potential to replace greenhouse gas emitting fossil fuel power plants. 1 To make this system feasible, heat transfer fluids (HTFs) are required that can operate at high temperatures (above 800• C) for long periods of time without significant degradation reaction of either the HTF or the materials of construction for the system. Among different heat transfer fluids, molten halide salts are promising due to their high thermal conductivity, large specific heat, low melting point, low viscosity, and low vapor pressure.2,3 However, material corrosion has been recognized as an issue for metals in contact with molten salts, particularly at high temperatures (700-1000• C). 4 Although Superalloys have been developed for high-temperature applications, they are not able to meet both the high-temperature strength and the high temperature corrosion resistance simultaneously in some of the most promising molten salts. To increase the lifetime operation of the CSP system, it is important to prevent the corrosion of the superalloys. One of the most commonly used methods of retarding corrosion and extending the life of structures is cathodic protection, and this method was investigated herein. Cathodic protection is a well-known method for preventing alloy corrosion in aqueous solutions by shifting the cathodic alloy potential to the previous alloy corrosion potential, either by using impressed current or by using a sacrificial anode.5 However, cathodic protection has little documented experience in high-temperature molten salt systems outside ...

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Cathodic protection of steel in concrete using magnesium alloy anode

Cited by 93 publications

References 19 publications

Durabilidad del hormigón armado expuesto a condiciones agresivas

Durabilidad del hormigón armado expuesto a condiciones agresivas

State-of-the-art review of cathodic protection for reinforced concrete structures

Modeling the Effect of Cathodic Protection on Superalloys Inside High Temperature Molten Salt Systems

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