Cation contents of acrocarpous and pleurocarpous mosses growing on a strontium-rich substratum

Brown, D. H.; Buck, G. W.

doi:10.1179/jbr.1978.10.2.199

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Clymo, 1963;Ruhling and Tyler, 1970;Bates and Brown, 1974;Buck and Brown, 1978), it is of interest to determine whether they become bound to these sites during rehydration, such that analysis of the bathing solution would seriously underestimate the loss of cations from within the cell. Use of a technique of difl^erential ion displacement (Bates and Brown, 1974;Brown and Buck, 1978;Brown and House, 1978;Buck and Brown, 1978) enables an estimate to be made of the cellular location of cations and the distributional changes which may occur in response to desiccation stress. Bryophytes, all collected from the Mendip Hills (Somerset and Avon) or Bristol (Avon), were never allowed to dry after collection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fail to increase significantly the release of potassium, magnesium or calcium (without membrane damage) but may be required for the removal of heavy metals with higher affinity for the exchange sites than that shown for nickel under the conditions used here. Further discussion of the method is presented in Brown and Buck (1978) and Brown and House (1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Desiccation Effects and Cation Distribution in Bryophytes

1979

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SUMMARYAnalysis of the cations in a range of bryophytes, using a differential ion displacement technique, has shown that potassium is mainly soluble within the cells, calcium is bound, exchangeably, to sites in the cell wall and is insoluble within the cell and magnesium is present in all three locations. After desiccation, soluble ions either leak into the rehydrating solution (e.g. potassium and some magnesium) or become bound to the cell-wall exchange sites (e.g. most of the magnesium). Leakage of intracellular ions can be used as a measure of membrane damage. An index of desiccation resistance (based on potassium retention within the cells after storage at 52 and 100% r.h.) is related to the availability of water in each bryophyte's habitat and is significantly correlated with the total potassium content of the plant. Reduced cation leakage occurred after material was transferred from either 52 or 0 % r.h. to 100 % r.h., indicating the ability of bryophytes to recover from such desiccation stress. An index of recovery is presented which shows that naost bryophytes, unless excessively stressed, are able to repair the damage caused by desiccation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desiccation Effects and Cation Distribution in Bryophytes

1979

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“…The short incubation time prevented displacement of the element to the interior of the cells and the intracellular concentration of Zn was very low (,6%). This slow process is controlled by the moss metabolism and specific transport systems are required for it to take place (Vázquez et al, 1999b), When the SET was first used with mosses, the aim was to study the uptake and distribution of nutrients such as Ca and Mg (Bates & Brown, 1974;Brown & Buck, 1978a). After finding that the technique worked with nutrients, it began to be used with metals, such as Cd.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Brown & Bates, 1972) and other bryophytes (Bates & Brown, 1974;Bates, 1976). The technique as recognized at present was first described by Brown & Buck (1978a, b, 1979, and has since been applied in several studies with different organisms: lichens (Beckett & Brown, 1984;Brown, 1987;Brown & Wells, 1988;Brown & Avalos, 1991); algae (Costas & Ló pez, 2000; aquatic mosses (Vázquez, 1997;Vázquez et al, 1999a;Fernández et al, 2006); and terrestrial mosses (Bates, 1982(Bates, , 1992(Bates, , 1993(Bates, , 1994Wells & Brown, 1987;Brown & Sidhu, 1992;Brown & Brū melis, 1996;Brū melis et al, 1999;Fernández et al, 2004). The key step (and the most complex) in this technique is the correct extraction of the extracellular fraction, for which a suitable extractant must be used for each different element considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the efficacy of the sequential elution technique, by use of electron microscopy methods

Pérez-Llamazares¹,

Fernández²,

Aboal³

et al. 2011

Journal of Bryology

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In the present study, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used in conjunction with the sequential elution technique (SET) to evaluate the efficacy of extraction of Zn from the moss Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) M. Fleisch. Moss samples were collected from two areas, a contaminated area (with high concentrations of Zn) in the surroundings of a steel works, and an uncontaminated area. Some samples from the uncontaminated area were used as controls, and others were incubated in a solution of ZnCl 2 for subsequent analysis of uptake and location of Zn. The concentrations of Zn in the different cell compartments of the moss were determined by use of the SET, and different points on the surface of the moss and in deposited particles were analysed by SEM-EDS. The results showed that the extracellular fraction obtained by SET includes the Zn bound to cation exchange sites in the moss and Zn bound to particles on the moss surface, which leads to overestimation of extracellular Zn. After extracellular extraction, Zn was not detected on the surface of the moss or in the particles. To avoid problems associated with the presence of particles on the moss surface, a washing procedure should be used to remove such particles before application of the SET. Another possibility is to use the intracellular concentration, as this is not affected by the metal load in the particles and better reflects those contaminants that affect the moss metabolism.

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“…These extracellular extractants may be metal cations, which have a greater affinity for the cell wall binding sites and the outer face of the membrane (Brown and Buck 1978a) than the elements studied and therefore displace the latter by competition. According to Nieboer and Richardson (1980), the electronic characteristics of the metal cations are determined by the ionic and covalent indices.…”

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confidence: 98%

Sequential Elution Technique in Moss Pseudoscleropodium purum: Comparison between the Commonly Used Extracellular Extractant NiCl2 and Other New Extractants

Pérez-Llamazares

Aboal

Fernández

et al. 2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The sequential elution technique (SET) is used to determine the distribution of elements in the different cell fractions of mosses. The extracellular extractants most commonly used in this technique are NiCl 2 and EDTA, although there are certain disadvantages associated with their use. In order to avoid such problems, we searched for new extractants that displace extracellularly bound metals, either because they are present at high concentrations (Ca) or because they have a high affinity for cation exchange sites (Hg and Au). The compounds HCl, NaCl, and CaCl 2 were tested as extractants of the former type, as possible alternatives for the determination of extracellular metals in the moss Pseudoscleropodium purum. Calcium chloride was finally chosen as is it potentially the most successful in terms of binding to the cation exchange sites without altering the membrane permeability. The concentration chosen was 160 mM, as this yielded maximum displacement of Zn without membrane alterations. An experiment was then carried out to test the efficiency of Ca in extracting extracellular Zn, under laboratory and field conditions. In addition, Hg and Au were tested, at different concentrations, as extractants with high affinity for cation exchange sites, as neither of these elements has previously been used in the SET, and both display electronic characteristics that suggest their potential usefulness in displacing other cations from cation exchange sites. The results obtained show that extraction of extracellularly bound metal by high concentrations of Ca should be ruled out, as total extraction of Zn was not achieved. Both Hg and Au produced membrane alterations at low concentrations and moreover, neither was more efficient at extracting Zn than the reference extractant (20 mM NiCl 2 ).

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Cation contents of acrocarpous and pleurocarpous mosses growing on a strontium-rich substratum

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Desiccation Effects and Cation Distribution in Bryophytes

Desiccation Effects and Cation Distribution in Bryophytes

Evaluation of the efficacy of the sequential elution technique, by use of electron microscopy methods

Sequential Elution Technique in Moss Pseudoscleropodium purum: Comparison between the Commonly Used Extracellular Extractant NiCl2 and Other New Extractants

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