Cation-exchange properties of soil organic matter

Harada, Yasuo; Inoko, Akio

doi:10.1080/00380768.1975.10432651

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The increase in ion exchange sites with biochar aging indicated by the CEC and AEC data may be due either to progressive abiotic oxidation of surface functional groups (for CEC) or to precipitation of minerals on the biochar surfaces as has been suggested by other work (Joseph et al, 2010). In fact, the CEC and AEC of these aged biochars are 10 times greater than those of most soils and more similar to those of soil humic acids (Harada and Inoko, 1975). However, aged biochars were previously reported to have no detectable AEC and to have CECs about 10 times less than that measured in the present study (Cheng and Lehmann, 2009;Cheng et al, 2006Cheng et al, , 2008.…”

Section: Aging Processes Of Biochar Alonesupporting

confidence: 51%

Physicochemical changes in pyrogenic organic matter (biochar) after 15 months field-aging

Mukherjee¹,

Zimmerman²,

Hamdan³

et al. 2014

Preprint

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Abstract. Predicting the effects of pyrogenic organic matter (OM) addition (either natural or intentional as in the case of biochar amendment) on soil chemistry and crop yields has been hampered by a lack of understanding of how pyrogenic OM evolves in the environment over time. This work compared the physicochemical characteristics of newly-made and 15 month field-aged biochars and biochar-soil mixtures. After aging, biochars made by pyrolysis of wood and grass at 250, 400 and 650 °C exhibited 5-fold increases in cation exchange capacity (CEC), on average, appearance of anion exchange capacity (AEC) and significant decreases in pH, ash content and nanopore surface area. Cross polarization 13C-NMR analyses indicated relative increases in O-containing functional groups including substituted aryl, carboxyl and carbonyl C, likely via abiotic and microbial oxidation and losses of O-alkyl groups, likely via leaching. Similar chemical trends were observed for soil-biochar mixtures suggesting the same biochar aging processes occurred in the soil environment. However, there was evidence for a major role of soil OM-microbe-biochar interaction during aging. Field-aging of soil with biochar resulted in large increases in C and N content (up to 124 and 143%, respectively) and exchange capacity (up to 43%) beyond that calculated by the weighted addition of the properties of biochar and soil aged separately. These beneficial interactive effects varied greatly with soil and biochar type. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images of biochar particles, both aged alone and with soil, showed colonization by microbes and widespread surficial deposits that were likely OM. Thus, sorption of both microbially-produced and soil OM are likely processes that enhanced biochar aging. Among the important implications of these findings are that biochar's full beneficial effects on soil properties only occur over time and proper assignment of C sequestration credits to biochar users will require consideration of soil-biochar interactions.

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Section: Aging Processes Of Biochar Alonesupporting

confidence: 51%

Physicochemical changes in pyrogenic organic matter (biochar) after 15 months field-aging

Mukherjee¹,

Zimmerman²,

Hamdan³

et al. 2014

Preprint

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“…The CEC value of the untreated biochar was measured to be anywhere between 14 and 17 cmol/kg. A 90 min dry ozonization treatment resulted in an increased biochar CEC value of 109–152 cmol/kg, which is now almost comparable to that of certain humic materials such as humins. − Simultaneously, the biochar ozonization process resulted in the reduction of biochar pH from 9.82 to as low as 3.07, indicating the formation of oxygen-functional groups including carboxylic acids on biochar surfaces. Using the techniques of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the formation of oxygen-functional groups including carboxylic acids on biochar surfaces have been observed upon biochar surface oxygenation through the ozonization treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Biochar Surface Oxygenation by Ozonization for Super High Cation Exchange Capacity

Kharel

Sacko

Feng

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Biochar cation exchange capacity (CEC) is a key property central to better retention of soil nutrients and reduction of fertilizer runoff. This paper reports a breakthrough process to improve biochar CEC value by a factor of nearly 10 through biochar surface oxygenation by ozonization. The CEC value of the untreated biochar was measured to be anywhere between 14 and 17 cmol/kg. A 90 min dry ozonization treatment resulted in an increased biochar CEC value of 109−152 cmol/kg. Simultaneously, the biochar ozonization process resulted in a reduction of biochar pH from 9.82 to as low as 3.07, indicating the formation of oxygen-functional groups including carboxylic acids on biochar surfaces. Using the technique of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the formation of oxygen-functional groups including carboxylic acids on biochar surfaces have been observed at a nanometer molecular scale following the ozonization treatment. The molar O/C ratio (0.31:1) on ozonized biochar surface as analyzed by XPS was indeed significantly higher than that (0.16:1) of the control biochar surface. The molar O/C ratio from the elemental analysis data also showed an increase from the nonozonized sample (0.077:1) to the dry-ozonized sample (0.193:1). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis also showed an increase in the content of oxygen-functional groups in the form of carbonyl groups on biochar surfaces upon ozonization, which can also produce certain amount of oxygenated biochar molecular fragments that may be solubilized by liquid water, potentially leading to greater effects upon application of biochar in soil.

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“…Cation exchange capacity showed positive correlation with soil pH (r = 0.441 ** ), SOC (r = 0.580 ** ), SOM (r = 0.572 ** ), SWHC (r = 0.580 ** ), and clay content (r = 0.356 * ) at p ≤ 0.01 and p ≤ 0.05 respectively amongst all the soil samples in the 35 experimental locations (Table 2). It was observed that soils with high organic matter content and clay particles demonstrated high CEC values which is due to the fact that the cationexchange capacity (CEC) of soils is mainly due to clay minerals and soil organic matter (Martel et al 1978;Manrique et al 1991;Harada and Inoko, 1975) and silt to a lesser extent (Rashidi and Seilsepour, 2008). Organic matter in soil is a major source of negative electrostatic sites; therefore there is a strong correlation between CEC value and amount of organic matter present in the soil.…”

Section: Relations Between Cec Swhc and Some Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cation exchange capacity helps characterize the soil type under consideration. For example, because organic matter in soil is a major source of negative electrostatic sites there is a strong correlation between CEC values, and amount of organic matter present in soil (Harada and Inoko, 1975). The CEC results provided insight into the type of soil, as well as secondary information for use in formulating a fertilizer programme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling cation exchange capacity and soil water holding capacity from basic soil properties

Olorunfemi

Fasinmirin

Ojo

2016

EJSS

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Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is a good indicator of soil productivity and is useful for making recommendations of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium for soils of different textures. Soil water holding capacity (SWHC) defines the ability of a soil to hold water at a particular time of the season. This research predicted CEC and SWHC of soils using pedotransfer models developed (using Minitab 17 statistical software) from basic soil properties (Sand(S), Clay(C), soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC)) and verify the model by comparing the relationship between measured and estimated (obtained by PTFs) CEC and SWHC in the Forest Vegetative Zone of Nigeria. For this study, a total of 105 sampling points in 35 different locations were sampled in the study areas. Three sampling points were randomly selected per location and three undisturbed samples were collected at each sampling point. The results showed success in predicting CEC and SWHC from basic soil properties. In this study, five linear regression models for predicting soil CEC and seven linear regression models for predicting SWHC from some soil physical and chemical properties were suggested. Model 5 [CEC =-13.93+2.645 pH +0.0446 C (%)+2.267 SOC (%)] was best for predicting CEC while model 12 [SWHC (%)=36.0-0.215 S (%)+0.113 C (%)+10.36 SOC (%)] is the most acceptable model for predicting SWHC.

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Cation-exchange properties of soil organic matter

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Physicochemical changes in pyrogenic organic matter (biochar) after 15 months field-aging

Physicochemical changes in pyrogenic organic matter (biochar) after 15 months field-aging

Biochar Surface Oxygenation by Ozonization for Super High Cation Exchange Capacity

Modeling cation exchange capacity and soil water holding capacity from basic soil properties

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