Cation exchange with reverse micelles

Measurement and correlation of ion activity in aqueous single electrolyte solutions

“…In fact, until now, there are no measurements reported for the activity coefficients of both the cation and the anion that properly reproduce the values of the mean ionic activity coefficient in aqueous solutions of single electrolytes. Single ion activity coefficients are well-defined quantities in statistical mechanics and are important in the modeling and design of processes that involve ion exchange (Ashrafizadeh et al, 1993). Most of the complexity in measuring activity coefficients of the individual ionic species in electrolyte solutions comes from the interrelationship between the liquid junction potential and the ionic activity coefficients.…”

Measurement of Activity Coefficients of Amino Acids in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions: Experimental Data for the Systems H2O + NaCl + Glycine and H2O + NaCl + dl-Alanine at 25 °C

“…It was also shown that the activity coefficients of both the anion and the cation vary differently with changes in electrolyte concentration. It should be mentioned that the incorrect assumption of equality of the activity coefficients of the cation and anion is widely spread in the literature (Ashrafizadeh et al, 1993) and that many models for activity coefficients of electrolytes in solutions give this prediction (Pitzer, 1980;Chen et al, 1986). Another major deficiency associated with the use of one single ion-selective electrode, vs a reference electrode, instead of using two ion-selective electrodes, each vs a reference electrode, is the uncompensated effect of the junction potential.…”

Investigation of the minimum miscibility pressure for injection of two different gases into two Iranian oil reservoirs: Experimental and theory

“…Therefore, an optimal pressure is to be found. [3] Until now, some experimental methods have been used to measure the MMP parameter in different studies such as rising bubble apparatus, [4] vanishing interfacial tension, [5][6][7] and slim tube experiments. Among these methods, the slim tube displacement experiment is the most frequently used experimental method.…”