Cationic copolymerization of indene with styrene derivatives: Synthesis of random copolymers of indene with high molecular weight

Abstract

Random copolymers with high molecular weights of indene and p‐methylstyrene (pMeSt) were synthesized by cationic polymerization with trichloroacetic acid/tin tetrachloride in CH2Cl2 at low temperatures. When indene and pMeSt (1:1 v/v), for example, were polymerized at −40 °C, both monomers were consumed at very similar rates to give a copolymer with high molecular weight [number‐average molecular weight (Mn): 8–9 × 104]. This is indeed quite unexpected behavior for the combination of these two monomers because pMeSt polymerized over 1000 times faster than indene in the homopolymerization under the reaction conditions previously described. The product copolymer of indene and pMeSt had a random monomer sequence in it that was confirmed by NMR analyses and thermal‐property measurements. In sharp contrast with pMeSt, styrene and p‐chlorostyrene, which have no electron‐donating groups on the phenyl ring, led to low molecular weight polymers (Mn < 10,000) in the copolymerization with indene (1:1 v/v). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2449–2457, 2002

Electrochemical preparation and characterization of novel polyethylene/polyindene and polystyrene/polyindene composites

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] However, conducting polymers have poor mechanical and physical properties. 12 PIn arises as an important optical polymeric material. [9][10][11] Polyindene (PIn) has also elicited much interest in recent years because of its high glass-transition temperature (T g ) and special optical properties.…”

“…These properties can be enhanced by forming composites from a conductive polymer and an insulating polymer. 12 This is attributed to its ''cyclic'' structure that enables the phenyl ring present in the molecules to arrange in a horizontal fashion along the main polymeric chain, such that PIn exhibits a planar conformation. 12 PIn arises as an important optical polymeric material.…”

“…[9][10][11] Polyindene (PIn) has also elicited much interest in recent years because of its high glass-transition temperature (T g ) and special optical properties. 12 In addition, oxidized indene polymer obtained with sulfuric acid offer variety of applications as dispersants, in dye and pigment preparations. 12 This is attributed to its ''cyclic'' structure that enables the phenyl ring present in the molecules to arrange in a horizontal fashion along the main polymeric chain, such that PIn exhibits a planar conformation.…”

“…12 PIn arises as an important optical polymeric material. 12 This is attributed to its ''cyclic'' structure that enables the phenyl ring present in the molecules to arrange in a horizontal fashion along the main polymeric chain, such that PIn exhibits a planar conformation. 12 In addition, oxidized indene polymer obtained with sulfuric acid offer variety of applications as dispersants, in dye and pigment preparations.…”

“…12 This is attributed to its ''cyclic'' structure that enables the phenyl ring present in the molecules to arrange in a horizontal fashion along the main polymeric chain, such that PIn exhibits a planar conformation. 12 In addition, oxidized indene polymer obtained with sulfuric acid offer variety of applications as dispersants, in dye and pigment preparations. 13 PIn derived by indene-coumarone reaction with sulfuric acid act as adhesives, printing inks, floor tiles, and friction tapes.…”