“…Anionic DNA and cationic polymers, when mixed in the proper molar ratio, will form ∼100 nm nanoparticles when formulated in low ionic strength solution, e.g., 0.01 M Tris-buffered water. The different polymers that have been used include cationic lipids, such as variants of DOTMA, cationic polymers such as polyethyleneimine (PEI; Zou et al, 2000) or poly(βamino ester; PBAE; Mangraviti et al, 2015), cationic proteins, such as poly-L-lysine (PLL; Ward et al, 2001), cationic linear polysaccharides, such as chitosan (Baghdan et al, 2018), or cationic dendrimers (Mai et al, 2015), which are synthetic branched or treelike molecules. The DNA polyplexes have the following properties:…”