Cationic HDL mimetics enhance in vivo delivery of self-replicating mRNA

Nanodiscs: a versatile nanocarrier platform for cancer diagnosis and treatment

“…78,79 Although LNDs encased by MSPs or SMALPs have gained increasing popularity in the study of membrane proteins shortly after their discovery in 2000s, 28,33 their uniform, nanoscale and tunable sizes (i.e., B10-20 nm), large specific surface area, rapid cellular internalization, and high biocompatibility present them as a desirable drug-delivery platform. 80 For example, the size of LNDs can be precisely controlled by using suitable MSP constructs, typically ranging from B10 to B20 nm. 54,81,82 Compared to spherical NPs, the disc-like structure of conventional LNDs and more recently developed PNDs or HNDs offers many advantages, such as improved circulation half-lives, cellular uptake, biodistribution, and microvascular adhesion.…”

Vaccine formulations in clinical development for the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection

“…Self-amplifying (or replicating) mRNA (also called a replicon) encodes the antigen of interest as well as proteins which lead to replication of the subgenomic RNA encoding for the antigen. Rather than just the sequence encoding the antigen, the mRNA sequence is a single strand that is able to self-replicate in the cytoplasm of the cell [ 150 ]. Accordingly, less self-amplifying mRNA is theoretically needed compared to traditional mRNA.…”

mRNA, a Revolution in Biomedicine

“…In 2020, He and co-workers developed cationic nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) to enhance the delivery of large self-amplifying mRNAs (replicons) in vivo. These cationic lipids successfully encapsulated RNA encoding luciferase, protected it from RNase degradation and promoted replicon expression in vivo [92]. -Relatively small mRNA size (~2-3 kb).…”