Cationic polymerization of glycidol. Polymer structure and polymerization mechanism

Dworak, Andrzej; Wałach, Wojciech; Trzebicka, Barbara

doi:10.1002/macp.1995.021960616

Cited by 142 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Vandenberg [26] and later extended by Penczek [27] and Dworak [28]. Calculation of the degrees of branching, however, was only possible after Frey utilized inverse …”

Section: Inverse Gated 13 C Nmr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol based polyether-nanogels with tunable properties via acid-catalyzed epoxide-opening in miniemulsion

Zhou¹,

Steinhilber²,

Schlaad³

et al. 2011

Reactive and Functional Polymers

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A series of defined nanogels of 20-120 nm in diameter were synthesized by acidcatalyzed epoxid-opening polymerization based on glycerol in miniemulsion.Multifunctional alcohols were used as monomers and di-and triepoxides as crosslinking agents. The properties of these nanogels, i.e., size, degree of branching, viscosity, and swelling behavior, can be controlled by varying the functionalities of the monomers and crosslinkers. Inverse gated 13 C-NMR indicated that the addition of monomer occurred at both ends of the opened epoxide ring of the crosslinkers. This feature led to higher degree of branching and consequently to a lower viscosity of the resulting nanogels. The formation of some cycles as a possible side reaction was evidenced by different particle sizes in dry (TEM) and swollen states (DLS in water). KeywordsGlycerol based nanogel, inverse miniemulsion, watersoluble nanogels intrinsic viscosity, degree of branching, particle size 3

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“…Vandenberg [26] and later extended by Penczek [27] and Dworak [28]. Calculation of the degrees of branching, however, was only possible after Frey utilized inverse …”

Section: Inverse Gated 13 C Nmr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol based polyether-nanogels with tunable properties via acid-catalyzed epoxide-opening in miniemulsion

Zhou¹,

Steinhilber²,

Schlaad³

et al. 2011

Reactive and Functional Polymers

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“…The chemistry and polymerization of oxetanes have been reviewed by Penczek et al 10) . Ring-opening polymerization of glycidol under different conditions have been reported by different authors 11,12) . In the thermally induced cationic polymerizations, a sulfonium salt, i. e. benzyltetramethylenesulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, BTSSbF 6 , Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synthesis of hyperbranched aliphatic polyethers via cationic ring-opening polymerization of 3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane

Magnusson

Malmström

Hult³

1999

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

154

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SUMMARY: Thermally initiated cationic ring-opening polymerization of 3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane was carried out using benzyltetramethylenesulfonium hexafluoroantimonate as initiator. The resulting hydroxy-functional polyether was thoroughly analyzed by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and found to have a hyperbranched architecture with a degree of branching of 0.4. The polyether was successfully employed as a multifunctional initiator for e -caprolactone. Molecular weight measurements on the polyether showed a narrow molecular weight distribution analyzed by SEC and MALDI-TOF (1.3 and 1.4, respectively).

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“…Structural and mechanistic details of such polymerization process have been reported and it was found that the structure of the polymers was related to the contribution of activated monomer mechanism in chain growth. [91] Deffieux and coworkers [92] proposed a new initiation system developed for monomer activated anionic polymerization of propylene oxide (PO), i.e., onium salts/ triisobutylaluminum, were applied to the polymerization of glycidyl methyl ether. At low to moderate temperature they yielded fast polymerization and allowed a controlled synthesis of linear poly(glycidyl methyl ether) with high molar masses (up to 100000 g mol…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic Polyglycerols for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2009

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The application of nanotechnology in medicine and pharmaceuticals is a rapidly advancing field that is quickly gaining acceptance and recognition as an independent area of research called "nanomedicine". Urgent needs in this field, however, are biocompatible and bioactive materials for antifouling surfaces and nanoparticles for drug delivery. Therefore, extensive attention has been given to the design and development of new macromolecular structures. Among the various polymeric architectures, dendritic ("treelike") polymers have experienced an exponential development due to their highly branched, multifunctional, and well-defined structures. This Review describes the diverse syntheses and biomedical applications of dendritic polyglycerols (PGs). These polymers exhibit good chemical stability and inertness under biological conditions and are highly biocompatible. Oligoglycerols and their fatty acid esters are FDA-approved and are already being used in a variety of consumer applications, e.g., cosmetics and toiletries, food industries, cleaning and softening agents, pharmaceuticals, polymers and polymer additives, printing photographing materials, and electronics. Herein, we present the current status of dendritic PGs as functional dendritic architectures with particular focus on their application in nanomedicine, in drug, dye, and gene delivery, as well as in regenerative medicine in the form of non-fouling surfaces and matrix materials.

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Cationic polymerization of glycidol. Polymer structure and polymerization mechanism

Cited by 142 publications

References 7 publications

Glycerol based polyether-nanogels with tunable properties via acid-catalyzed epoxide-opening in miniemulsion

Glycerol based polyether-nanogels with tunable properties via acid-catalyzed epoxide-opening in miniemulsion

Synthesis of hyperbranched aliphatic polyethers via cationic ring-opening polymerization of 3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane

Dendritic Polyglycerols for Biomedical Applications

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