Cationic polymerization of <i>N</i>‐vinylcarbazole in the presence of (+)‐<scp>D</scp>‐camphor‐10‐sulfonic acid

Asakura, Jun-Ichi; Yoshihara, Masakuni; Maeshima, Toshihisa

doi:10.1002/marc.1983.030040211

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Several methods have been developed for the polymerization of VCZ, such as free‐radical,13–16 conventional cationic (protonic acids, Lewis acids, and carbocations),17–21 photoinitiation,22, 23 Ziegler–Natta,24 charge‐transfer,25 electrochemical,26, 27 vapor‐deposition,12 and solid‐state polymerization 28. The free‐radical polymerization of VCZ with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as thermal initiators gives PVCZ with a molecular weight below 100,000 16, 18, 19. In the free‐radical bulk polymerization of VCZ, an increased polymerization rate ( R p ) arising from greater temperature increases at higher polymerization temperatures causes a lowering of the molecular weight of PVCZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of high‐molecular‐weight poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) by the photoinduced low‐temperature solution polymerization of N‐vinylcarbazole in 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane

Lee

Lyoo

Noh

et al. 2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:For the preparation of high-molecularweight (HMW) poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVCZ) with a narrow molecular weight distribution, N-vinylcarbazole (VCZ) was solution-polymerized in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE) at Ϫ20, 0, and 20°C with photoinitiation. The effects of the polymerization temperature and the concentrations of the polymerization solvent and photoinitiator on the polymerization behavior and molecular parameters of PVCZ were investigated. A low polymerization temperature with photoirradiation was successful in obtaining HMW PVCZ with a smaller temperature rise during polymerization than that for thermal free-radical polymerization by azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The photo-solution-polymerization rate of VCZ in TCE was proportional to [AIBN] 0.45 . The molecular weight was higher and the molecular weight distribution was narrower for PVCZ made at lower temperatures. For PVCZ prepared in TCE at Ϫ20°C with a photoinitiator concentration of 0.00003 mol/mol of VCZ, a weight-average molecular weight of 920,000 was obtained, with a polydispersity index of 1.46, and the degree of transparency converged to about 99%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of high‐molecular‐weight poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) by the photoinduced low‐temperature solution polymerization of N‐vinylcarbazole in 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane

Lee

Lyoo

Noh

et al. 2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Hauptkettenchiralität und optische Aktivität von Polymeren aus C‐C‐Ketten

Wulff

1989

Angewandte Chemie

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Hauptkettenchiralitat ist die Chiralitat eines Polymers, die allein auf der konfigurativen oder konformativen Anordnung in der Hauptkette beruht. Durch systematische Symmetriebetrachtungen werden die wichtigsten Strukturtypen auf Chiralitat untersucht. Das uberraschende Ergebnis ist, daB auch bei Polymeren aus 1-substituierten und unsymmetrisch 1,l-disubstituierten Olefinen -den technisch wichtigsten Polymeren -zahlreiche chirale Strukturtypen auftreten, die bei Vorliegen eines einheitlichen Enantiomers auch optische Aktivitat erwarten lassen. Durch eine asymmetrische Cyclopolymerisation konnten bestimmte Strukturtypen als optisch aktive Co-oder Homopolymere realisiert werden, z. B. Copolymere von Styrol-Methylmethacrylat oder auch Polystyrol. Eine weitere neue Gruppe von optisch aktiven Polymeren sind die atropisomeren, helicalen Polyisocyanide, Polytritylmethacrylate oder Polychlorale. -Optisch aktive Polymere werden bereits als Adsorbentien fur die chromatographische Racemattrennung eingesetzt ; weitere Anwendungsmoglichkeiten zeichnen sich ab.

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Main‐Chain Chirality and Optical Activity in Polymers Consisting of CC Chains

Wulff

1989

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.

264

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Main-chain chirality is the optical activity resulting from the configurational or conformational arrangement in the main chain of a polymer. The chirality of the most important types of structures has been investigated on the basis of systematic considerations of symmetry. This has led to the surprising result that even in polymers derived from 1-substituted or nonsymmetric 1 ,I-disubstituted olefins (the technologically most important polymers) several types of chiral structures exist, which are expected to result in optical activity if a particular enantiomer is favorably formed. By carrying out an asymmetric cyclopolymerization, it has been possible to obtain certain structural types in the form of optically active copolymers or homopolymers (e.g., copolymers of styrene with methyl methacrylate, or even the homopolymer of styrene). Another new group of optically active polymers consists of the atropisomeric helical polyisocyanides, poly(trity1 methacrylates), and polychlorals. Optically active polymers are already used as adsorbents for the chromatographic separation of racemic mixtures. Further applications are likely to emerge.

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Cationic polymerization of N‐vinylcarbazole in the presence of (+)‐D‐camphor‐10‐sulfonic acid

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Preparation of high‐molecular‐weight poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) by the photoinduced low‐temperature solution polymerization of N‐vinylcarbazole in 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane

Preparation of high‐molecular‐weight poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) by the photoinduced low‐temperature solution polymerization of N‐vinylcarbazole in 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane

Hauptkettenchiralität und optische Aktivität von Polymeren aus C‐C‐Ketten

Main‐Chain Chirality and Optical Activity in Polymers Consisting of CC Chains

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